Ateneo - UPO

The main contents of the course are the description of the causes, the pathological pictures and the clinical aspects and the diagnostic paths of the main endocrinological, metabolic and andrological diseases. Information on the therapies necessary for the treatment of Endocrine / Metabolic pathologies will also be provided.

Camanni F. and Ghigo E Malattie del sistema endocrino e del metabolismo. Centro Scientifico Editore, III° edizione, Torino 2001. 2) Per approfondimenti: Patricia E Molina. Fisiologia Endocrina. Lange Physiology Series (McGraw-Hill) 2004

The module aims to enable knowledge and understanding of the most important endocrine-metabolic pathological conditions, their diagnosis, and basic therapeutic concepts, especially in terms of the ability to apply knowledge and comprehension of the subjects covered. The objectives include the development of autonomous judgment, communication skills, and learning abilities related to the framework, diagnosis, and therapies of the endocrine-metabolic issues discussed in class.

Knowledge about fundamental medical disciplines: Anatomy, Physiology,Biochemistry, General Pathology. Knowledge on Semeiotics and Pharmacology are also requested.

PPT presentations. Guidelines discussions, Meta-analysis and relevant pubblications on endocrine and metabolic subjects.

If needed, in-depth sessions preparatory to the exam will be offered, to be agreed directly with the lecturer. Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services- students-physical-or-learning-disabilities Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects. Gender mainstreaming: approaches to grant equal benefits in actions and activities for women and mens and for eliminating gender inequalities.

The exam is composed of two parts: a written test and an oral test. The written test is a typical multiple-choice questions (MCQs) focusing on clinical cases and consisting of 15 MCQs based on topics covered during the course. If the written test is passed, the student will undergo an oral test (one of the subjects included in the module). The oral exam usually entails discussing a simulated clinical case to assess deeper understanding and clinical reasoning skills after passing the written part, and involves discussion of a simulated clinical case including relevant information such as clinical history, physical exam, biochemical investigations, imaging and therapeutic approach. This approach aims to test application of knowledge in clinical reasoning and practising rather than just recall information on endocrine/metabolic diseases.

Hypothalamic-pituitary diseases: Acromegaly, IperPRL, Cushing's disease and hypercorticadrenalism, short stature and disorders of pubertal development Hyponatremia, SIADH and DI Adrenal Diseases: Adrenal incidentalomas, Adrenal masses, Hypoadrenalism I ° (M of Addison's) Diseases of METABOLISM: Diabetes Mellitus: Classification, Diagnosis, Therapies (type 1 and type 2 and secondary, acute and chronic complications, Obesity, Nutrition and Diet, Lipidology and alterations in lipoprotein metabolism. Gynecological endocrinology and andrology: Diseases of the male reproductive system, Diseases of the female reproductive system Thyroid and parathyroid disorders, endocrine oncology: Hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyropathies, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid carcinomas / MEN Parathyroid diseases, metabolic osteopathies and other alterations of calcium-phosphoric metabolism. Osteoporosis. Endocrine hypertension. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

At the end of the course the student must learn to recognize, describe, diagnose the most common endocrine-metabolic diseases inserted in a context of chronic diseases with multiple morbidity and morbidity. It is essential that the student learn the correct methods of clinical reasoning in Endocrinology, applying the method of differential diagnosis.