Ateneo - UPO

The course covers the following topics: Introduction on Physics observables and some reminders on Mathematics. Mechanics: Kinematics, Dynamics of the point (outline of complex systems), Statics Electricity and Magnetism Waves, Optics, Acustic Fluidostatics, Fluidodynamics Radioactivity Radiation-matter interaction.

Velotta, Principi di Fisica basato su Principi di Fisica di Ezio Ragozzino, Edises, Edizione:2025; A.Giambattista, Fisica generale, McGraw-Hill, Edizione:2021; D. Scannicchio,Fisica Biomedica, EdiSES, Edizione:IV 2020; J.W. Kane, M.M. Sternheim, Fisica biomedica, Edizioni Mediche Scientifiche Internazionali

The student is expected to acquire a solid knowledge of the fundamentals of General Physics, with some elements of modern physics, primarily aimed at supporting the learning of other subjects in the degree program. This knowledge forms the foundation for understanding some of the phenomena and mechanisms underlying chemistry, biology, and the functioning of various laboratory instruments. Another educational objective is the development of the ability to analyze and solve physics problems of medium/simple level. Students are also expected to demonstrate the ability to communicate the acquired concepts appropriately.

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The course is offered in the traditional way, with lectures and collective exercises. Slides, and occasionally videos and multimedia applications are used to assist the lectures. Many hours are devoted to problem solving. Several homeworks are proposed to the students in order to encourage their participation. Lectures offered in video/remote in case of emergency.

Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-students-physical-or-learning-disabilities

Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

Midterm written test (optional, 6 exercises/questions - 40 min) . Final written examination, or second term test, with exercises and questions on theory, open or multiple choice, covering all the remaining topics of the course. The final written test consists of 5 groups of exercises/questions (kinematics/dynamics/electromagnetism/fluidodynamics/modern physics - waves) to be completed in about 75 min. Mandatory final oral exam, bound to scoring at least 16/30 in the written test, a few days after the written test: the written exam is discussed, followed by a few questions on the main topics covered during the course. During the oral exam, the student’s ability to connect different areas of knowledge, the level of understanding of the course content, as well as their critical thinking, learning ability, and communication skills are assessed. The grade is the arithmetic average of the notes obtained in the tests performed.

Introduction on Physics observables and some reminders on Mathematics. Goniometric functions. Vectors algebra. Measurement significant figures. Fundamental and derived observables. Measurements units and SI System. Units conversion. Physics laws. Mechanics Reference frames. Velocity, acceleration. Motion (linear, accelerated, circular). Freely falling object. Newton's laws. Mass, force. Friction. Work and energy.Conservative and nonconservative forces. Mechanical energy and its conservation. Power. Linear momentum and its conservation. Elastic and inelastic collisions. Center of Mass. Rotational Motion: angular acceleration, torque and rotational inertia. Angular momentum and its conservation. Rigid objects motion. Static equilibrium. Simple harmonic motion. Elasticity. Dumped and forced oscillations: resonance. Electricity and magnetism Electric charge, Coulomb law, electric field and Gauss's law. Electric potential. Definition of electronvolt. Electric dipole and its characteristics. Dipole in a uniform electric field. Conductors and insulators. Capacitor and its properties. Capacitors in series and in parallel. Electric current. Resistance and resistivity. Ohm laws. Resistors in series and in parallel. Electric power. Joule effect. DC and AC simple electric circuits. Magnetic field. Lorentz force. Mass spectrograph.. Magnetic force on a wire with current. Magnetic fields induced by currents: straight wire, spire, solenoid. Magnetic dipole and its characteristics. Magnetic field flux. Faraday-Neumann-Lenz law. Electromagnetic waves. The frequency spectrum and the visible light. Photoelectric effect. Corpuscolar nature of light. Photon. X ray generation. X-ray tube. Waves,optics, acustic Characteristics of wave motion. Wave speed in a medium. Reflection and transmission. Interference. Standing waves. Refraction and diffraction. Sound characteristics. Intensity of sound: decibel. Sources of sound. Doppler effect. Doppler flow meter. The ray model of light and its behaviour.Young's experiment. Single slit diffraction. X rays and diffraction. Fluids Pressure, density. Pascal's principle. Hydrostatic pressure. Atmospheric pressure. Stevino's law. Archimedes' principle. Fluids in motion: equation of continuity. Bernoulli's law. Viscosity. Poiseuille's equation. Hydrodinamic resistance. Stokes' law. Sedimentation velovity. Radioactivity Outline on atomic structure. Nucleus properties: dimensions, mass, binding energy. Stability curve. Alfa, beta and gamma decays. Radioactive decay law. Mean lifetime and half life; activity. Radiation-matter interaction. Outline on charged particle, photons and neutrons interaction with matter. Biologic effects. Dose.

At the end of the course, the student is expected to have acquired knowledge and understanding of the main concepts of General Physics (and some of modern physics), and the capability to apply these concepts for the understanding and resolution of simple scientific problems in physics, useful for interpreting phenomena in the chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical fields. Knowledge and understanding: Understand the fundamental concepts of mechanics, electromagnetism, and modern physics, with particular attention to applications in chemistry and biology. Explain the physical principles that govern natural phenomena and processes involving biological and chemical systems. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: Apply the principles of physics to solve basic problems in general physics, as well as problems related to biophysics and scientific instrumentation. Understand the operating principles of selected measuring instruments commonly used in laboratory. Communication skills: Clearly and accurately communicate physical concepts using appropriate scientific terminology. Be able to explain the problem-solving strategies employed in exercises.