Ateneo - UPO

General principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. General principles of neurotransmission and drugs that act at synaptic and junctional levels. General principles of operation of the various types of membrane receptors and associated intracellular signals.

Notes, hand-outs and lecture slides will be fundamental. Alongside, one of the following textbooks is advisable: Farmacologia. Taglialatela, Cantarella Leone, Mattioli Moretti- IV edizione SORBONA • Le basi della farmacologia. Karen Whalen Zanichelli

he course in particular aims to achieve the following results: - Equip the student with basic knowledge of pharmacology. - Form a structure that allows you to add to the training framework professionalizing information that the student will receive on the drug in the future - Acquire a critical ability to study specific drugs. - Provide fundamental knowledge regarding the general aspects of the drug (pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics) as well as the basis of the mechanisms of action in the perspective of possible pharmacotherapy applications, providing the critical tools for understanding experimental approaches in the identification and characterization of drugs

Passing all first-year exams is a prerequisite for all third-year exams. Knowledge of biochemistry, physiology, and pathology is necessary for a full understanding of the course.

The course contents will be transmitted through oral presentations supported by explanatory multimedia about the different topics included in the program. It will be stimulated the active participation of the student through the recall of concepts already addressed in other courses, which relate to various aspects of the drug.

The Professor will receive the students for specific questions every day by appointment.

The exam consists of a written test with theoretical questions that cover the course content from a factual perspective. Some questions will focus on a drug molecule, for which the student will be required to comment on specific pharmacological aspects. To pass the exam, the student must correctly answer more than half of the questions. These evaluations are intended to verify that the student has achieved the learning objectives in terms of knowledge and understanding of the content, the ability to clearly and accurately explain it, and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge and skills to specific problems related to the pharmacological aspects of drugs. If the student receives a grade lower than 12 out of 30, they will not be allowed to take the exam in the next scheduled session, as the so-called "exam skipping" rule will be applied.

Definition of pharmacology - Classification and nomenclature of drugs - Chemical drugs, botanicals, biotechnology and advanced therapies - Routes of drug administration - Pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, interaction between drugs, pharmacogenetics, main pharmacokinetic parameters - Examples taken from pharmacology, pharmacognosy and toxicology, illustrating pharmacokinetic processes - Pharmacodynamics: The dose-response curve, therapeutic indices, interaction ligand-receptor and occupational theory (including binding and analysis methods). -Pharmacological modulation of the response: agonists, antagonists, blockers. inhibitors, partial agonists, inverse agonists. The main neurotransmitters and their systems - General information on pre-clinical and clinical trials - Individual response to drugs - Examples covered: cholinergic system, adrenergic system, GABA receptor, local anesthetics

To acquire the minimum learning level the student must have sufficient: 1) knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of active ingredients must have knowledge of what the endogenous molecular targets of the drugs are and their relationship with the endogenous systems analyzed. Know the main parameters that are used to define the potency, effectiveness and toxicity of an active ingredient 2) competence to be able to apply the theoretical knowledge acquired to the treatment of various pathologies; 3) ability to present the concepts studied correctly and with the right terminology. To acquire the advanced level the student must be able to: 1) knowing how to compare and understanding based on the parameters of efficacy and safety the active ingredient improves to use 2) knowing how to define the possible routes of administration based on the characteristics of the drug and therapeutic needs 3) understand and correctly present the basis underlying the interaction of the active ingredients at a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level and the possibility or otherwise of complementary use.