Ateneo - UPO

The one-year integrated course of Human Anatomy concerns the study of the human body with a high level of knowledge.
It is divided into 3 parts: Human Anatomy I (I semester) whose contents concern the osteoarthromuscular and cardiovascular system; Human Anatomy II (II semester) concerns the study of neuroanatomy; Human Anatomy III (II semester) concerns the study of splanchnology.

• Trattato di Anatomia Umana, di G. Anastasi ed altri Aa, Edi -Ermes ed.
• Anatomia Umana, di V. Esposito ed altri Aa, Piccin Nuova Libraria ed.
• Anatomia del Gray, di Aa vari, (41° edizione), Edra S.p.A LSWR ed.
Atlanti
• Atlante a colori di Anatomia, di Rohen G. W. ed altri Aa, Piccin Nuova
Libraria ed.
• Atlante di Anatomia Umana, 3 Voll, di Sobotta, (23° edizione), Elsevier
ed.
• Anatomia Umana - Atlante- di G. Anastasi e C. Tacchetti, 3 Voll. Edi-
Ermes ed.

The course aims to provide the basics of human anatomy,
microscopic and macroscopic, fundamental for medical practice. The
notions are presented during frontal teaching activities, exercises
of macro and microscopic anatomy, using a dissection table
virtual (Anatomage) and through video materials made available on the
DIR platform

Students must be primarily in possession of basic knowledge of Biology
and Histology. Since Human Anatomy I includes a part of generality, it is suggested to support the three modules in order I, II and
III.

For Human Anatomy I: vision in the hall exercises of bone segments and
organs treated in class.
Students have the opportunity to be included in ADO / ADE activities, and
in the Human Anatomy laboratory, to follow bone and cardiovascular
research experiments
For Human Anatomy I and III: according to the availability of the
instrumentation, virtual dissection exercises will be scheduled
(Anatomage table) and dissection of animal organs (heart and kidneys of
pig origin) For Anatomy III: Students have the opportunity to be included in the
ADO / ADE activities, and, in the Human Anatomy laboratory, to follow
research experiments on the respiratory and digestive systems.

The HUMAN ANATOMY exam is evaluated with a single grade composed of the mathematical average of the marks of the three exam modules. Verification of learning for each module is carried out through a first test
written and a subsequent oral part. The written test is based on
30 multiple choice questions (5 answers for each question, only one
correct answer). The student will have one minute per question
in order to answer.
Passing the written test with a minimum grade of 18
correct answers out of 30, will allow the student to access the part
oral exam consisting of a maximum of three questions asked about
topics covered during the lessons. The student's preparation will be judged sufficient with a score between 18 and 21, good with a score between 22 and 24, excellent between 25 and 27 and excellent between 28 and 30.

Generality. Notes on the history of anatomy.
Descriptive anatomical terminology, anatomical position, definition of position and movement, organs, systems and systems.
Locomotor system.
General information, structure of the bone elements, anatomo-functional description of the bones of the human skeleton; typology, structure and functional meanings of the joints; structure of striated muscle and smooth muscle, descriptive and functional anatomy of the muscular system; descriptive and functional anatomy of osteoartro-muscular complexes, including gender differences.
Cardiovascular system.
The pericardium: relationships and descriptive and functional anatomy.
The heart: position and relationships. Descriptive and functional anatomy of the cardiac organ (Cardiac cycle, conduction system of the heart, fibrous skeleton, blood supply and innervation of the heart). Vascular system: general information on veins and arteries, topographical anatomy of the arterial and venous routes and vascularization territories.
The lymphatic system: general information. structure of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, topographical organization of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, lymphoid organs.
The Central Nervous System: general information.
The Spinal Cord: Organization of the gray matter: laminae and nuclei, functional territories. The spinal reflexes. Organization of the white matter: the great funicular motor nerve pathways and general sensitivity.
Anatomical and functional description of the territories and nuclei of the various parts of the brain: Bulb, Bridge, Mesencephalon, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Telencephalon. Main functional connections of the nuclei.
The nerve pathways of specific sensitivity.
Neurosecretion: anatomo-functional aspects of Epiphysis and Pituitary
The Limbic System and the Emotional-Instinctual management centers
The Cortical Areas: topography and functional meanings
The cranial and spinal meninges: functional aspects. The brain ventricles and the liquor circulation.
Review of the anatomical-functional aspects of the vascularization of the central nervous system.
The Peripheral Nervous System: general information, anatomical organization, structural aspects of the nerves and ganglia.
The spinal nerves: the formation of the plexuses, anatomical aspects of the course of the somatic nerves.
The autonomic nervous system: Orthosympathetic and Parasympathetic: anatomical organization and functional significance.
The Metasympathetic.
The brain nerves: functional relationships and anatomical aspects of their course.
Integumentary system: morphology and structure of the skin and skin appendages. Bands of the body. The mammary gland. Related microscopic and clinical anatomy
Digestive system: generalities, morphology and structure of the different organs of the digestive system. The oral cavity: walls and vestibule, hard and soft palate, salivary glands, teeth, tongue, histo of the jaws. Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, retrocavity of the epiplons, small intestine and large intestine. Liver pancreas extramural glands. The peritoneum. The abdominal cavity. Topography of the different organs of the digestive system and their superficial projection. Related microscopic and clinical anatomy.
Respiratory system: generalities, morphology and structure of the various organs of the respiratory system. The nose, the nasal and paranasal cavities, the larynx, the trachea, the bronchi, the lungs, the pleura and the pleural cavity. Topography of the various organs of the respiratory system. The pleural cavity and the costo-diaphragmatic sinus. The mediastinum with radiological and surgical connection. Related microscopic and clinical anatomy.
Urogenital system: generalities, morphology and structure of the various organs of the genitourinary system. The kidney, calyxes and renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, female urethra and male urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens. Structure of the external genitalia. The testicle and ovary. Vagina, uterus and uterine tubes, microscopic and related clinical anatomy.
Endocrine glands: morphology, topography, structure and morphofunctional references of the pituitary, epiphysis, thyroid, parathyroid, islets of Langerhans, adrenals and gonads as endocrine glands. Related microscopic and clinical anatomy.

In-depth knowledge of the systematic, functional and clinical anatomical
nomenclature, in addition to the basic knowledge of the History of Human
Anatomy.
Knowing how to identify the main anatomical structures (organs, vessels, muscles and bones) in a radiological, tomographic or magnetic resonance image, have the ability to identify the main landmarks on the surface of the human body and to be able to indicate the spatial relationships between main structures of the organism.