Ateneo - UPO

The course aims to provide future doctors with notions of the anatomy of the oral cavity and the main characteristics of the dental elements, concepts of odontostomatological semeiology in order to allow the interpretation of the signs and symptoms related to the main diseases of the oral cavity.
The aims are also to highlight the existing correlations between microbial colonization of the oral cavity and the main dental periodontal pathologies and consequently the importance of education, motivation for correct oral-food hygiene methods and the assumption of healthy lifestyles.
Basic concepts will be provided on caries, periodontal disease, neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the lining tissues of the oral cavity, oro-dental traumatology, drug related osteonecrosis of the jaws, correlations between oral health-systemic health, on the etiopathogenesis of Halitosis.

Pdf uploaded to DIR of the Teacher's lessons.
To know more:
Valletta G., Bucci E., Matarasso S. Odontostomatologia. Ed. Piccin 1997.
Ministero della Salute
Quaderni del Ministero della Salute. Odontoiatria di comunità: criteri di appropriatezza clinica, tecnologica, strumentale. Gennaio 2011
Linee Guida Naz. per la promozione della salute e la prevenzione delle patologie orali in età evolutiva. 2009/ Aggiornamento novembre 2013.
Linee Guida Naz. per la promozione della salute e la prevenzione delle patologie orali in età adulta. Dicembre 2009/ aggiornamento 2015.
Raccomandazioni cliniche in odontostomatologia. Gennaio 2014.
Linee guida per la prevenzione e la gestione clinica dei traumi dentali negli individui in età evolutiva. Febbraio 2018
Indicazioni operative per l’attività odontoiatrica durante la fase 2 della pandemia covid-19. Maggio 2020.
Campisi G, Bedogni A., Fusco V. Raccomandazioni clinico-terapeutiche sull’osteonecrosi delle ossa mascellari (ONJ) farmaco-relata e sua prevenzione. Febbraio 2020. Palermo University Press

At the end of the course, the student must know the anatomy of the oral cavity, and the main characteristics of the dental elements and the covering tissues; the consequences of microbial colonization of the oral cavity; be able to recognize the main diseases of the oral cavity (caries, periodontal disease, neoplastic lesions, oral-dental trauma, halitosis) through the fundamentals of semeiotics; the causative agents and the risk factors of the main diseases of the oral cavity in order to be able to motivate and instruct the correct methods for their primary, secondary and tertiary prevention; know the correlations between oral diseases and systemic health; know the national guidelines for the promotion of oral health and the prevention of oral diseases including medical related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Elements of anatomy, histology, biology, hygiene, food science, medical clinic, maxillofacial surgery, otorhinolaryngology.

Lectures with presentations of images uploaded to DIR, consultation of ministerial texts downloadable online (quaderni della salute, linee guida, etc.).

At the request of the student, possibility of attending the clinics of the SCDU Dentistry and StomatologyAOU Maggiore della Carità di Novara .

The level of acquired knowledge and understanding of the course contents are verified in the test.
Verification is done by administering a test with 10 open questions. Each answer is evaluated from 3 to zero points.
In the oral exam, alternative to the written one, usually are formulated the same questions .
Upon request, homework is corrected and discussed with each individual student. During the interview, the student must demonstrate that he knows and he is able to present the topics in an understandable way and that he has understood at least the fundamental concepts. The student must be able to establish connections between topics covered and other disciplines.

Introduction to the course.
National guidelines for the promotion of oral health and the prevention of oral diseases.
Anatomy of the oral cavity: bones and temporomandibular joint, muscles, vessels, nerves. Lining tissues: lining mucosa, specialized mucosa, masticatory mucosa. Tongue. Saliva. Superficial and deep periodontium.
Teeth: general information and terminology; development, calcification, eruption; function. Deciduous and permanent teeth.
Dentition (eruptive periods) and dentition.
Classification, numbering, tooth formulas.
Principles of occlusion. Normal occlusion (Dentoskeletal classes) and malocclusion.
General concepts of odontostomatological semiotics. Anamnestic collection.
Physical examination of the head and neck, oral cavity, temporomandibular joint.
Specialist odontostomatological semiotic techniques: instrumental and specialist examinations; diagnostic imaging.
Most frequently encountered odontostomatological signs and symptoms.
- pain; swelling; ulcers; lymphadenopathy; hemorrhages; halitosis; white and red and pigmented mucosal lesions; paresthesias; burning mouth; bubbles and vesicles; dysgeusia; hyposcialia and xerostomia; - telangiectasias; clenching and limitation of mouth opening.
Tooth decay. Epidemiology, etiology, clinical and anatomo-pathological pictures, symptoms, diagnosis.
Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Therapeutic notes
Pulpopathies. Inflammatory, regressive, degenerative processes, necrosis and gangrene.
Classification. Etiology. Clinical pictures and symptoms. Diagnosis. Therapeutic notes
Focal disease. Abscesses, phlegmons and odontogenic empyema.
Periodontal disease. Epidemiology. Etiology. Clinical pictures. Symptoms. Diagnosis.
Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Therapeutic notes.
Correlation of periodontal disease and systemic diseases (birth of preterm and underweight children, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic disease, kidney disease, respiratory disease).
Oral medicine. Excess, insufficient, macular elementary oral lesions associated with systemic diseases.
Oral manifestations of dermatological diseases. Oral Lichen Planus, Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigoid of the mucous membranes, Erythema multiforme, Systemic erythematosus lupus.
Oral manifestations of bacterial diseases. Necrotizing stomatitis, scarlet fever, syphilis, tuberculosis, mycobacteria, actinomycosis, gonorrhea, typhoid, angular cheilitis.
Oral cancer. Epidemiology. Risk factors. Precancerous lesions (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erosive OLP, nicotinic stomatitis). Clinical pictures. Diagnosis. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Therapeutic notes.
Oral-dental trauma. Epidemiology. Etiology. Classification. Clinical pictures. Symptoms. Diagnosis
Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Emergency treatment.
Drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). Epidemiology. Etiology and etiopathogenesis. Staging and clinical pictures. Symptomatology. Diagnosis. Primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Therapeutic notes.
Oral-dental trauma: epidemiology; risk factors; clinical pictures; symptomatology; diagnosis; prevention; therapy.
Drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ): epidemiology; etiopathogenesis; risk factors; clinical pictures; symptomatology; diagnosis; primary, secondary and tertiary prevention; therapy.

Knowledge of the characteristics of the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity, of the risk factors of its main diseases, recognition of the same and their correlation with systemic diseases, essential cultural background of every graduate in medicine and surgery.