Ateneo - UPO

The course will deal with the etiology, pathophysiology, clinic, diagnostics, prognosis and therapeutic rationale of the main diseases of the blood and the blood and lymphatic system. The basis will also be provided for a critical interpretation of the objective findings of the haematological patient, the blood count and the main coagulation findings.

Giuliani N, Olivieri A. EMATOLOGIA. Idelson-Gnocchi, 2020
and slides and materials distributed during lessons

The general objective of the course is to enable the student to know, interpret and analyze the main haematological issues relevant to the Doctor, in a critical manner, as required by the Dublin 3 descriptor. Specific objectives are: a) to know the physiopathology and clinic of haematological diseases for the purpose of correct clinical reasoning; b) to know how to critically interpret the clinical and laboratory findings of haematological diseases, in order to formulate a correct diagnostic procedure and an appropriate management choice of the patient

According to course regulation

A) Lectures with slide presentations available on the University DIR website (https://www.dir.uniupo.it/); B) Multiple choice self-assessment quiz available on the University DIR website (https://www.dir.uniupo.it/) after each lesson; C) Interpretation and presentation of clinical cases and laboratory findings

NTR

Written exam with 30 multiple choice questions (5 possible choices, of which only one is correct) regarding the topics of the course. Part of the questions will be of the "clinical vignette" type. Examples of are available on the UPO DIR website.
Part B: a simulated clinical case on which to produce a short written report (examples available on UPO DIR), followed by an oral discussion of the case

A. GENERAL PART
A1. Pathophysiology of hemolymphopoiesis
A2. Clinical and laboratory semeiotics in hematology (lymphadenomegaly, splenomegaly, alterations of the leukocyte formula)
A3. Clinical interpretation of the blood count and coagulation findings
A4. General strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of haematological diseases
A5. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and GVHD
A6. Pathophysiology and clinic of bone marrow failure
A7. Medullary aplasia

B. DISEASES OF THE RED CELL
B1. Definition of anemia and clinical classification of the anemic syndrome
B2. Pathophysiology and classification of anemias
B3. Anemia due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis (iron deficiency anemia, chronic disease anemia, thalassemia, sideroblastic anemia)
B4. Hemoglobinopathies, anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis (anemia due to deficiency of folate and vitamin B12)
B5. Hemolytic anemia due to intra- and extra-red blood cells
B6. Polyglobulias

C. ONCOHEMATOLOGY
C1. General mechanisms of leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis
C2. WHO classification of haematological malignancies
C3. Acute myeloid leukemia and acute promyelocytic leukemia
C4. Myelodysplastic syndromes
C5. Chronic myeloid leukemia
C6. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiomatic myelofibrosis)
C7. General concepts of lymphoid neoplasms and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

D. DISEASES OF HEMOSTASIS
D1. Pathophysiology and general diagnostics of haemostasis
D2. Pathophysiology and diagnostics of coagulation
D3. Hereditary coagulopathies (haemophilia A and B; vonWillebrand disease)
D4. Acquired coagulopathies (DIC, acquired haemophilias, iatrogenic coagulopathies)
D5. Pathophysiology and diagnostics of platelets
D6. Immunological platelet disorders (immunological thrombocytopenic purpura)
D7. Thrombotic microangiopathies (thrombocytopenic thrombocyte purpura, other thrombotic microangiopathies)
D8. Hereditary and acquired thrombophilias,
D9. Monitoring of the patient during anticoagulant therapy

E. ELEMENTS OF TRANSFUSIONAL MEDICINE
E1. Immunohematological compatibility
E2. Blood components and blood products
E3. Transfusion of red blood cells
E4. Transfusion of platelets
E5. Plasma transfusion
E6. Safety in transfusion medicine
E7. Transfusional complications

F. CLINICAL REASONING IN HEMATOLOGY
F1. Reasoned discussion of clinical cases
F2. reasoned clinical interpretation of the main laboratory pictures of haematological interest (blood count, coagulation findings)

G. ELEMENTS OF HEMATOLOGICAL MORPHOLOGY
G1. Recognition of normal blood cells
G2. Recognition of promyelocytes
G3. Recognition of schists

At the end of the course, the student will be able to know the pathophysiology of the main non-neoplastic haematological diseases, myeloid oncology and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In addition, the student will be able to critically interpret the blood count, the main coagulation findings and the objective findings, formulating diagnostic and therapeutic hypotheses.