Ateneo - UPO

The course aims to provide the student with general and specific notions about the most common symptoms and pathologies in the emergency / emergency area in order to guide them on diagnostic and therapeutic pathways in the field of urgency

Curreent emergency medicine diagnosis and treatment, Lange 7° ed
Titinalli's Emergency medicine: a comprensive study guide McGraw-Hill, 7° ed

An emergency is commonly defined as any condition perceived by a technically trained person, requiring a medical or surgical evaluation and immediate treatment. Based on this definition, the American College of Emergency Physicians states that the practice of emergency medicine / emergency has the primary mission of assessing, managing and providing treatment to patients with injuries and unexpected illnesses.
The aim of the module is to describe what a doctor should do if he / she is in emergency / emergency conditions, ie he / she aims to teach to make treatment decisions based on a real-time evaluation of the medical history, findings objectives and results of diagnostic investigations. The course also proposes to acquire the amalgam of skills useful for the treatment of a wide range of injuries and diseases, ranging from the diagnosis of an upper respiratory tract infection to a cardiac arrhythmia.
A further goal of the module is to teach a particular clinical approach that may not necessarily lead to a diagnosis but to a mental process aimed at governing a pathology that threatens the patient's life or integrity.

having taken the medical pathology tests I and II and of special pharmacology

theoretical frontal lecture and discussion of clinical cases

written exam with multiple choice questions

1) Introduction to emergency medicine-urgency, triage and MEU approach.
2) Acute dyspnea and respiratory failure: acute pulmonary edema, exacerbation of COPD, acute asthma, acute pulmonary embolism.
3) Shock, cardiovascular triad, clinical pathophysiology of shock, hypovolaemic shock, cardiogenic shock, distributive shock (septic and anaphylactic)
4) chest pain: Acute myocardial infarction STEMI and non-STEMI, pericarditis, aortic dissection.
5) Abdominal pain: "surgical abdomen, non-surgical abdomen", occlusions and pseudo-occlusions. Renal and hepatic colic.
6) High and low gastrointestinal haemorrhage approach to the patient with hematemesis and melena and with rectorrhagia.
7) The syncope.
8) headache: common migraine, subarachnoid hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage.
9) the ECG in emergency-Urgency 50 case-files.
10) rhythms of periarresto: atrial and ventricular.
11) the ischemic and hemorrhagic Stroke.
12) alterations of liquids and electrolytes and acid-base.
13) the frail and elderly patient in the Emergency Room.

The student is expected at the end of the course
a) recognize the ways of presenting the main pathologies in emergency / urgency through a "main signs and symptoms" approach;
b) knows how to recognize the clinical elements that distinguish the critical patient from the one with emergency / emergency conditions from the one with non-urgent conditions.
c) must be able to recognize and be able to implement actions aimed at stabilizing the patient;
d) proves to be able to recognize which are the most serious potential causes that can justify the patient's clinical presentation;
e) is able to correctly assess the presence of multiple causes that justify the patient's condition;
f) is able to set up pharmacological treatments adequate to the main emergency-urgency pathologies, also with the aim of allowing ex-adjuvantibus diagnosis;
g) is able to understand how his intervention should be complete even for the purpose of diagnosis, identifying those patients who can be discharged even without a specific diagnosis;
h) know the criteria of hospitalization in the hospital and discharge from the emergency department;
g) is able to judge whether the patient can be discharged in adequate security.