Ateneo - UPO

Pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of the main diseases of the organs of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract, endocrine and vascular systems and blood.

• V. Kumar, A.K. Abbas, J.C. Aster. "Robbins. Fondamenti di patologia e di fisiopatologia" IX edizione, Edra.
• KL McCance, SE Huether “Fisiopatologia ed elementi di patologia generale”, Edra
• Parola M. et al. “Patologia Generale ed Elementi di Fisiopatologia”, II edizione, Edises
• The slides of the lectures and additional material such as scientific publications will be available to students.

Knowledge and understanding the main pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of the most common diseases affecting the organs of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, endocrine, vascular systems and blood cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes). Gain independence of judgment on the different topics addressed during the course, logically linking concepts and knowledge together. Gain skills regarding the verbal and written communication by the use of specific scientific and technical language. Identifying and explaining of the molecular targets of drugs in current clinical use and under study

Physiology and general pathology are strongly recommended.

Lectures. Occasionally interactive methods based on case study.

The exam will consist of two open questions aimed at assessing the understanding of the topic, the use of the specific scientific language, the critical and communication skills. Two exam sessions are scheduled during the months of February, June-July and September.

Disorders of lung and low respiratory tract (1CFU)
Clinical manifestation of pulmonary changes.
Restrictive lung diseases: aspiration, atelectasis, brochiectasia, bronchiolitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Obstructive pulmonary diseases: asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Acute infectious pathology of the lower respiratory tract: pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchitis.

Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and connected organs (1CFU)
Clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal dysfunction
Motility disorders (dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, pyloric stenosis, intestinal obstruction)
Gastritis
Peptic ulcer disease: duodenal, gastric and stress ulcers
Malabsorption syndromes
Inflammatory Bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome
Liver, gallbladder and pancreas disorders

Disorders of kidney and urinary tract (1CFU)
Obstruction of the upper and lower urinary tract
Urinary tract infections
Glomerulopathies (glomerulonephritis and nephrotic and nephritic syndromes)
Acute and chronic renal failure

Disorders of the endocrine system (1CFU)
Pituitary gland: pituitary adenomas, hypopituitarism and hyperpituitarism.
Thyroid: hypo- and hyper-thyroidism, goiter, thyroiditis.
Endocrine pancreas: etiopathogenetic aspects of diabetes mellitus.
Adrenal cortex: adrenal cortical insufficiency, hyper adrenal syndromes.
Adrenal medulla: pheochromocytoma.

Disorders of the cardiovascular system (1CFU)
Structure and function of blood vessels.
Hypertensive vascular disease
Atherosclerosis (mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque formation and clinical consequences)
Aneurysms, dissections and vasculitis
Heart structure; heart failure, arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies.

Disorders of erythrocytes and leukocytes (1CFU)
Anemias (hemolytic anemias and anemia of decreased erythropoiesis)
Leukopenia and leukocytosis
Lymphoid malignancies (Hodgkin's lymphoma, malignancies of B- and T-cells precursors and of peripheral B-, T- and NK-cells)
Myeloid malignancies (acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative disorders)

In keeping with the Dublin Descriptors
D1- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The student will demonstrate that he has learned and understood the pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of the main diseases affecting the organs of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, endocrine and vascular systems and blood. The student will acquire the specific scientific terminology.
D2- APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING The student will gain the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in order to 1) understand the therapeutic effects of drugs that are in current clinical use 2) identify new potential therapeutic targets 3) develop new drugs directed towards specific molecular/cell targets
D3- MAKING JUDGEMENTS The student will gain knowledge to read the literature independently and critically.
D4- COMUNICATION SKILLS The student will demonstrate that he has acquired the specific scientific terminology to discuss the acquired knowledge both in the academic and industrial fields. The student will develop the ability to disseminate the acquired knowledge in a clear and understandable way even to an audience of non-experts
D5- LEARNING SKILLS The student will be able to examine and interpret scientific texts, so as to go beyond what has been taught, facing and solving new challenges, that will allow him to expand his knowledge in an autonomous and critical way.