Ateneo - UPO

The matter: elementary particles, atoms, molecules and ions. Chemical formulas. Atomic structure and the periodic system of elements. Chemical bonds. Molecular structure. Valence, oxidation state, coordination number. Chemical reactions: classification and balancing. Thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant. Principles of kinetics. States of matter, phase transitions. Solutions: concentration, solubility. Aqueous solutions, pH, acids, bases, salts, buffers. Stoichiometry and solution equilibria. Electrochemistry. Principles of inorganic nomenclature. Chemistry of the elements. Radiochemistry and applications in medicine.

P. Atkins, L. Jones, L. Laverman, Principi di Chimica (4° Ed.). Zanichelli. ISBN 978-88-08-32097-1
J.C. Kotz, P.M. Treichel, G. C. Weaver. Chimica (VI Ed.). EdiSes ISBN 9788879599665.
T. L. Brown, H. E. LeMay, B. E. Bursten, C. J. Murphy, P. M. Woodward, M. W. Stoltzfus; Fondamenti di Chimica (V Ed.). EdiSES.
M.S. Silberberg, P. Amateis. Chimica La Natura molecolare della materia e delle sue trasformazioni (4° Ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 978-88-386-9539-1.

Aim of the course is the knowledge of the basic concepts of general and inorganic chemistry required to tackle the following topics of the degree course. Knowledge of the structure and properties of chemicals is required as is the ability to communicate the corresponding information using a suitable and dedicated terminology. The student should be able to predict and calculate the behavior of chemical species, retrieving the necessary data and processing it properly, paying particular attention to aspects of special biological significance.

Basic concepts of mathematics and physics.
Knowledge of Italian language.

Classroom lectures (slides, movies and blackboard exercises). The course material (pdf/ppt files of slides) will be made available to the students in the online platform. In the event of any restrictive measures due to health emergencies, the lectures and exercises may be integrated or replaced by remote teaching (lessons and exercises transmitted live on online platforms or made available in registered mode).

Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-students-physical-or-learning-disabilities Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

Written exam provided through the online platform DIR. The exam of General and Inorganic Chemistry will be separate for Part 1 and Part 2.
Part 1 will consist of multiple choice questions with different scores according to difficulty. The student must achieve a mark of at least 70% of the total score of Part 1.
Part 2 of the exam will be organized in two distinct sections, each containing exercises in stoichiometry, chemical metrics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and nuclear chemistry. The student must achieve a minimum simultaneous mark of 60 % in each section to pass Part 2f the exam.
The final grade will be determined as the weightd average of the overall score obtained in the two parts of the exam.
In the event of restrictive measures due to health emergencies, the exam will be made available remotely, keeping the executive mode intact.

Part 1
The matter: elementary particles, atoms, molecules and ions. Atomic models, quantum numbers, orbitals, electronic configuration and the periodic system of elements. Elements and compounds, chemical formulas, atomic weight, molecular weight, formula weight. Isotopes. Covalent bond, ionic bond, hydrogen bond, metallic bond, intermolecular interactions. Molecular structure: geometry, hybridization, molecular orbitals, resonance, Lewis structures. VSEPR theory.
Bond theories: VB and MO.
States of matter, definitions and properties, phase transitions.
Gas and their laws. Liquids and their properties. Phase diagrams. Supercritical fluids. Solids: classification. Crystalline solids: unit cells, Bravais lattices, diffractometric analysis, polymorphism.
Solutions: definition, concentration, solubility.
Colligative properties, osmolarity.
Oxidation state. Nomenclature of inorganic substances.
Coordination complexes: definition, coordination number and geometry, basics of nomenclature, organometallic compounds, chelates, stability.
Chemical reactions: classification.
Reactions in aqueous solution: acid-base, precipitation, gas-forming.
Redox reactions, electron balance.
Part 2
Chemical metrics and principles of Green Chemistry.
Principles of chemical kinetics, reaction rate, reaction order. Catalysis.
Chemical equilibria. Reaction quotient and equilibrium constant. Le Châtelier’s principle.
Acid-base equilibria, pH. Calculating pH for acids, bases, salts. Buffers, definition, classification, Henderson-Hasselbach equation.
Solubility equilibria, solubility product, common ion effect.
Principles of thermodynamics and application to chemical reactions. Enthalpy, entropy and free energy. Spontaneity of chemical reactions.
Electrochemistry. Electrical quantities. Semireactions, electrode potentials, e.m.f.. Standard potentials, Nernst equation. Batteries and galvanic cells. Electrolysis.
Principles of radiochemistry, nuclear reactions, radioactive decay, radiopharmaceuticals.
Chemistry of the elements: natural abundance and sources, properties, industrial applications and biological relevance.

Knowledge of the basic concepts of chemistry (structure of matter, atoms/molecules, mole, bonds and interactions, reactions, phase changes, solutions, chemical equilibrium (pH, solubility, complexation), principles of kinetics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and nuclear chemistry. Understanding of the application of these concepts to the physical world and to daily practical experience. Understanding the fundamental role of these concepts for the following course subjects.
Applying the knowledge of the basic concepts of chemistry to recognize and classify chemicals and to predict qualitatively and quantitatively their behavior in different conditions.
The student must be independent in the identification of chemicals and in undergoing transformations, in the selection of the correct way to predict and describe the events and in the judgment of the corresponding consequences.
Chemistry has a well-defined vocabulary. The student has to master the language to communicate efficiently and unambiguously. The student must know the nomenclature of chemical substances and the terminology needed to describe their properties and transformations.
The student must employ and apply in autonomy the basic principles of general chemistry to the learning of the following chemistry and biology subjects of the course.