Ateneo - UPO

The purpose of this module is to provide the theoretical notions on the method of aggregation and composition of the bacterial biofilm and the formation of tartar, responsible for the main oral-dental pathologies. Once the local factors of periodontal disease have been identified, the environmental and behavioral factors responsible for the inflammatory changes in periodontal health (gingivitis and periodontitis) and the materials and methods for non-surgical periodontal therapy will be treated, an indispensable aid to interrupt the inflammatory processes of the superficial and deep periodontium.

Pdf of the teacher's lessons.

Caton JC, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, Mealey BL, Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Tonetti M. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri‐implant
diseases and conditions – Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. Journal of Periodontology and Journal of Clinical Periodontology marzo 2018.

Cortesi Ardizzone V, Abbinante A (ed). Igienista Dentale: Teoria E Pratica Professionale. Prima edizione. Milano. LSWR srl. 2013.
Miragliotta G, Mosca A. Il biofilm batterico nel cavo orale. pag. 120-126.
Mura A, Cortesi Ardizzone V, Pejrone C. Trattamenti di prevenzione.; pag. 143-158.
Cortesi Ardizzone V. Malattie del parodonto: gengivite e parodontite.; pag. 159-181.
Barone A, Abbinante A, Ziliotto M, Cortesi Ardizzone V. Il controllo di placca domiciliare: presidi e tecniche; pag. 284-314.
Cortesi Ardizzone V, Pejrone C, Bresciano S, Loria MW, Boldi M, Marzola P, Abbinante A. Trattamento parodontale non chirurgico; pag. 329-404.
Pejrone C. Trattamento chemioterapico di supporto alla terapia causale; pag. 405- 408.

Hellwege K.D. La levigatura radicolare. Sc. Tecn. Dent. Ed. Inter. 1988. 1 volume.

Lindhe J, Lang NP. (Ed.). Parodontologia Clinica e Implantologia Orale. VI Edizione. Milano. Edi Ermes S.R.L., 2016.
Papapanou PN, Lindhe J. Epidemiologia delle malattie parodontali; pag. 129-160.
Marsh PD. Biofilm dentale; pag. 173- 184.
Bosshardt DD, Lang NP. Tartaro dentale; pag. 187-194.
Curtis M. Infezioni parodontali; pag. 195-221.
Seymour GJ, Trombelli L, Berglundh T. Patogenesi della gengivite.; pag. 245-255.
Seymour GJ, Berglundh T, Trombelli L. Patogenesi della parodontite; pag. 260-270.
Lalla E, Papapanou PN. Fattori di modificazione; pag. 245-255.
Holmstrup P, Jontell M. Lesioni gengivali infiammatorie non indotte dalla placca.; pag. 347-370.
Mariotti A. Lesioni gengivali indotte dalla placca; pag. 376-387.
Kinane D, Lindhe J, Trombelli L. Parodontite cronica; pag. 392-399.
Tonetti MS, Mombelli A. Parodontite aggressiva; pag. 401-426.
Holmstrup P. Malattia parodontale necrotizzante; pag. 433-447.
Salvi GE, Berglundh T, Lang Np. Esame del paziente; pag. 575-589.
Koong B. Diagnostica per immagini del paziente parodontale ed implantare; pag. 590-625.
Salvi GE, Lindhe J, Lang Np. Pianificazione del trattamento di pazienti affetti da patologie parodontali; pag. 639 - 657.
Van der Weijden F, Slot DE, Echeverria JJ, Lindhe J. Controllo meccanico della placca sopragengivale; pag. 693 - 734.
Herrera D, Serrano J. Controllo chimico del biofilm orale e dentale; pag. 693 - 734.
Wennstrom JL, Tomasi C. Terapia non chirurgica; pag. 768 – 785.

Ministero della Salute. Raccomandazioni cliniche in odontostomatologia. Gennaio 2014

Phagan-Schostok/Maloney. Igiene dentale:attività clinica contemporanea. Sc. Tecn. Dent. Ed. Inter. 1992. 2 volumi.

Trombelli L. (Ed.). Strumentazione parodontale non chirurgica. I Edizione. Milano. Masson S.P.A. 2005.
Trombelli L, Scabbia A, Chiozzi M. Diagnosi Parodontale; pag. 1-10.
Trombelli L, Roncati M. Approccio alla strumentazione; pag. 11-16.
Trombelli L, Scabbia A, Chiozzi M, Roncati M. Strumentazione manuale; pag. 17-32.
Trombelli L, Bottega S. Strumentazione meccanica; pag. 33-40.
Trombelli L, Zangari F. Guarigione post-strumentazione; pag. 41-44.

Wilkins E.M. (Ed.). La Pratica Clinica dell’igienista Dentale. XII Edition. Padova. Piccin Nuova Libraria S.P.A., 2020.
Foreman LW. Cura d’emergenza; pag. 115-138Boyd LD, Wilkins EM. Il parodonto; pag. 301-314.
Keating JG, Ligor AMA, Wilkins EM. Il biofilm dentale ed altri depositi molli; pag. 258-270.
Boyd LD, Wilkins EM. Il parodonto; pag. 301-314.
Boyd LD, Wilkins EM. Sviluppo della malattia parodontale; pag. 315-329.
Boyd LD, Wilkins EM. Esame parodontale; pag. 331-353.
Wilkins EM. Il tartaro; pag. 355-364.
Onik EG. Pigmentazioni e discromie dentali; pag. 365-374.
Wyche CJ. Indici e metodi di assegnazione dei punteggi; pag. 375-399.
Wyche CJ. Pianificazione del trattamento di igiene orale; pag. 403-413.
Wyche CJ. Piano di cura in igiene orale; pag. 416-424.
Voelker MA. Counseling preventivo e cambiamento del comportamento; pag. 427-443.
Macarelli-Rogers C, Raposa MS, Raposa KA. Controllo delle infezioni orali: spazzolini e spazzolamento dei denti; pag. 457-479.
Wilkins EM. Lyle DM. Controllo delle infezioni orali: cura interdentale; pag. 481-496.
Perry K, Black TL. Dentifrici e colluttori; pag. 497-509.
Mattana DJ, Relich EE. I Fluoruri; pag. 605-630.
Boyd LD, Wilkins EM. Terapia parodontale non chirurgica e terapia aggiuntiva; pag. 712-751.
Jenkins SJ. Condizioni parodontali acute; pag. 754-764.
Barnes CM. Rimozione delle pigmentazioni estrinseche; pag. 794-813.

At the end of the course the student must know the methods of aggregation and the composition of the bacterial biofilm; must have the ability to manage outpatient operations in relation to the clinical characteristics of the patients; must be able to document clinical cases (photography and study models); must be able to instruct and motivate patients to correct home oral hygiene techniques, must know the materials and methods for performing manual and mechanical deplaquing and scaling.

The contents of the Dental Hygiene Techniques II course are inextricably linked to those of the Dental Hygiene Techniques I course and prodromal to those of the Dental Hygiene Techniques III course.
Essential prerequisites are knowledge of techniques, materials and methods for the disorganization and removal of plaque, as well as how to educate and motivate the patient for home oral hygiene. The student must know the professional ergonomics referred to both the patient and the operator; must know the characteristics of the periodontium and be able to assess its state of health through the fundamentals of semiotics; must know the materials and methods for performing periodontal probing; to know the main clinical-epidemiological indices in order to proceed with the compilation of the periodontal clinical record; must know the manual and mechanical tools for performing professional dental hygiene; must know the theoretical assumptions in order to be able to safely and effectively perform the ablation of tartar; must know the methods for the maintenance and sharpening of commonly used instruments.

Theoretical lectures, supplementary teaching lessons in small groups, practical exercises during the internship activities in the laboratories of the dental clinic.

ADO and UAF organized for in-depth analysis of single topics.

Verification and motivation to learn are done daily during the internship activity. The exam consists of a written or oral test with open questions.
In the test, the level of knowledge acquired and the understanding of the course contents and the exhibition skills are verified.
The written assignments are corrected in a collegial form and discussed with each individual student. During the interview, the student must demonstrate that they know and be able to present the arguments in an understandable way; to have understood at least the fundamental concepts; exhibition ability and practical operational skills are assessed. The student must be able to establish connections between topics covered and other disciplines.
In the event of a negative result, it must recognize the mistakes made and then identify the correct answers.

Microbiology of the oral cavity. Acquired film, Biofilm (Bacterial plaque), evolution of the microbial population of plaque from healthy tissue to gingivitis and periodontitis; supra and subgingival tartar.
Clinical and histological periodontal health.
Periodontal disease. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
Local, environmental / behavioral, systemic / genetic factors.
Modifiable and non-modifiable factors.
Epidemiology of periodontal disease
Semeiology and diagnosis of periodontal disease
Periodontal tissue inflammation: rubor, calor, dolor, functio lesa; bleeding.
Gingivitis and periodontitis. Alterations in shape and color; bleeding; increased probing depth; loss of clinical attachment; pseudo pocket, pocket, periodontal crater; qualitative / quantitative changes in supporting bone; dental mobility and migration.
Clinical course of periodontal disease.
Periodontal disease prognosis.
Periodontal disease classification.
Evolution of the classification of periodontal disease by the A.P. 1989, 1999, 2017.
Non-surgical periodontal therapy: materials and methods.
Tartar ablation: objectives, materials (manual instruments and mechanical instruments) and methods (systematics for sextants), indications and contraindications.
Mechanical tools: terminology, general information, mechanism of action of sonic and ultrasonic devices; technique, systematic for sextants
Manual tools: general characteristics and terminology (handle, stem, working part);
features Scalers, universal curettes and specific area;
Root planing: grasping, insertion, adaptation, angulation, activation.
Instrument disinfection: materials and methods.
Instrument maintenance: general principles; goals; operator / patient benefits; materials and methods for sharpening manual tools.
Dental pigmentation and dyschromia: classification and etiology.
Mouthwashes: active ingredients and indications for use.
Chlorhexidine.
Fluoride and fluoroprophylaxis.
Education and motivation for home oral hygiene.

The student must acquire the knowledge relating to the etiopathogenesis, the clinical pictures of periodontal disease and the materials and methods for non-surgical therapy, essential prerequisites for carrying out his professional clinical-practical activity.