Ateneo - UPO

GENERAL CHEMISTRY. The module provides the basic concepts of general and inorganic chemistry: knowledge of the properties, composition and structure of matter, chemical equilibrium, chemical thermodynamics and kinetics and electrochemistry.
STOICHIOMETRY. The module will deal with stoichiometry calculations strategies and problem solving related to the basic concepts illustrated the General and Inorganic Chemistry module: chemical nomenclature of inorganic compounds, balancing of chemical equations, chemistry laws calculations, solutions and their properties, chemical equilibria, acids and bases, electrochemistry.
LABORATORY.
Further deepening of some topics of General Chemistry and introduction to the main experimental techniques used in the laboratory. The laboratory practice consists of safety concepts, the basic study of solution equilibria, electrochemistry and some
simple inorganic syntheses.

Course slides (pdf files) are available on the DIR platform. Suggested books:
Kotz, Treichel, Townsend, Treichel, Chimica,
Edises, VII Ed., 2021.
Atkins, Jones, Laverman FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA GENERALE Zanichelli, II Ed. 2018
Silberberg, Amateis, Licoccia, CHIMICA, V Ed., Mc Graw Hill, 2023.
Overby, Chang, Costanzo, Galeazzi, Turano, FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA GENERALE 4/ED CON CONNECT E EBOOK, IV Ed., Mc Graw Hill, 2024.
R. Breschi e A. Massagli, “Stechiometria”, Edizioni ETS
M. Bruschi, “Stechiometria e Laboratorio di Chimica Generale”, Pearson
P. Michelin Lausarot e G. A. Vaglio, “Fondamenti di Stechiometria”, Piccin
R. Morassi, G.P. Speroni, "Il laboratorio Chimico", un approfondimento autonomo.
Piccin
Slowinski, Wolsey, Masterton, "Laboratorio di Chimica", Piccin

GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Objectives of the course
are: to clearly present the basic principles of chemistry; to provide solid basis and knowledge for understanding the chemical events at the molecular level. Abilities: introduce the students to the use of structure-property concept.
Ability in making judgements and driving conclusions from the results of his experiments.
Communication skills: the students will be able to
use a suitable chemical vocabulary in relation to the
course arguments and methods. STOICHIOMETRY.
At the end of the course, the students will acquire the knowledge necessary to solve simple stoichiometry exercises. In particular, the students will be able to draw conclusions, to choose the most appropriate strategies and apply the knowledge in
solving the practical problems that will face in lab classes. They will also have acquired an appropriate chemical lexicon as well as the ability to learn independently new knowledge on stoichiometry
problems. LABORATORY. The course has the following objectives: to develop basic knowledge on materials and equipment of common use in the chemical laboratory; become familiar with the basic
operations and techniques of chemical experiments;
gain preliminary skills on preparation of inorganic
compounds and their purification; experimental
verification of the main chemical processes in
aqueous solution (acidity, neutralization, buffering
capacity, precipitation, electrolysis, galvanic processes). Abilities: develop the student skill in the basic laboratory practices. Learning skills and ability in making judgements and driving conclusions from the results of his experiments. Communication skills:
the students will be able to use a suitable chemical
vocabulary in relation to the course arguments and methods and to write reports on the results of his experiments. Making judgements: the student will be able to draw conclusions from the laboratory experiences. Learning skills: ability to use the material provided for a subsequent reasoned use and further study.

Basic elements of calculus.

Classroom lectures, powerpoint presentations and guided exercises with open discussion. Laboratory activities with related discussion.

GENERAL CHEMISTRY. The learning progress monitoring will be carried out through periodic questions and exercises given to students, followed by resolution on the blackboard and selfassessment.
STOICHIOMETRY. During the course, the students will be directly involved (individually
and collectively) in solving numerical exercises in order to stimulate the preparation and testing on a daily basis the progress made, encouraging also the use of the appropriate chemical lexicon.
LABORATORY. The learning progress monitoring involves individual report on each of the activities, including general discussion and stoichiometry tests.

Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/servicesstudents-physical-or-learning-disabilities.

Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

The exam is written and consists of two parts. The
first part (3 hours) will consist of 10 stoichiometric exercises (maximum total: 10 points. 1 point for excercize); the passing grade of the test is 6. The second part is articulated in 15 questions (12 about the thoery and 3 on the
laboratory experiments). The maximum score is 20/30 with a minimum value for sufficiency fixed to 12 (knowledge of fundamental concepts). The highest grade is obtained with a solid knowledge and ability to apply the acquired knowledges on all
the subjects. On the DIR platform students find, along with the slides of the course, a complete example of an exam paper. The results of the exam
reveal the degree of understanding of theoretical
concepts, the ability to use them to solve problems of medium difficulty and the degree to acquiring an adequate technical-scientific language in the answers to the open question. The independence of judgment and learning skills are also assessed through the request to express evaluations, make
comparative choices and in-depth written report.

GENERAL CHEMISTRY. Elements, compounds,
mixtures, formulas. The Avogadro constant and the
mole concept. Elements of stoichiometry. Structure of the atom: nucleus, isotopes, radioactivity. The atomic theory: atomic spectra, the Bohr model, many-electron atoms. The periodic table and
periodic properties of the elements. Basic concepts
of the chemical bond: Lewis theory, shape of molecules using the VSEPR model. Models of covalent bonding. Ionic and metallic bond.
Intermolecular forces, states of matter and their main properties. The solutions and their properties: solubility, vapor pressure, osmotic pressure. The chemical reactions and the chemical equation: balancing a chemical reaction. Thermodynamics:
enthalpy, entropy and free energy. The principles of chemical equilibrium; the equilibrium state and the
equilibrium constant; the response of equilibria to changes in conditions. Acid-base equilibria.
Solubility equilibria. Electrochemistry: redox reactions and oxidation states; standard potentials and equilibrium constants. Chemical kinetics: rate law and reaction orders; activation energy; reaction mechanisms; catalysis.
STOICHIOMETRY: The Stoichiometry module is part of the integrated course of General and Inorganic Chemistry and consist in the quantitative solving of problems related to the main topics of General Chemistry. In
particular the main topics of the module are: units of measurement and basic principles of statistics, classification of compounds, oxidation number and chemical nomenclature, moles and Avogadro's number,
molecular formula, percentage calculations, balancing non-redox reactions, reaction yield, introduction to green chemistry metrics and
atom economy calculations, limiting reagent, classification of chemical reactions and prediction of reaction products of simple reactions, gas laws, ideal gas equation, gas mixtures, concentration of solutions, preparation of solutions by weighing and by dilution, colligative properties, chemical equilibrium, law of mass action, calculation of K and of the equilibrium composition, complex equilibria, Le Chatelier's
principle, autoprotolysis of water and Kw, calculation of pH of solutions of strong acids and bases, strong acid-strong base titrations, calculation of
pH and Ka and Kb of weak acids and bases, calculation of pH of polyprotic acids, degree of acid dissociation, hydrolysis, buffer solutions and Henderson-Hasselbach equation, heterogeneous equilibria, solubility product, solubility calculation, common ion effect, redox reactions and
their balancing, galvanic cells, relationship between free energy and potential, Nernst equation, standard reduction potentials, electrolysis.
Laboratory: A first part of the course, carried on in the classroom (2h), regards: i) acid-base titrations; ii) a description of the main experimental techniques used in the laboratory. The experimental activities in the
laboratory (28h) is devoted to achieve practical expertise on basic operations (weighing, filtration, crystallization, preparation of known-title
solutions, synthesis of simple inorganic compounds). The work in the laboratory is individual or in small groups, with a continuous tutoring by
the teacher. The following experiments will be carried on: preparation of solutions with given concentration and pH determination with indicators.
Hydrolysis. Preparation of buffer solutions. Properties of amphoteric metal hydroxides. Study of the reduction potentials of several elements.
Determination of the purity of an impure salt (NaCl). Electrolysis of a solution of KI; electrolysis of water. Kinetics experiments. Suggestions will be provided on how to write an effective laboratory reports and how to use a correct vocabulary.
The experimental activities in the laboratory (28h) is devoted to achieve practical expertise on basic operations (weighing, filtration, crystallization, preparation of known-title solutions, synthesis of simple inorganic compounds). The work in the
laboratory is individual or in small groups, with a continuous tutoring by the teacher. The following experiments will be carried on: preparation of solutions with given concentration and pH
determination with indicators. Hydrolysis.
Preparation of buffer solutions. Properties of amphoteric metal hydroxides. Study of the reduction potentials of several elements. Determination of the purity of an impure salt (NaCl). Electrolysis of a solution of KI; electrolysis of water. Kinetics experiments. Suggestions will be provided on how to write an effective laboratory reports and how to
use a correct vocabulary.

Knowledge and understanding: theoretical and operational knowledge about the fundamental laws of chemistry (mole, reaction, bonds and molecular structure, equilibrium, solution pH, thermodynamics, kinetics, electrochemistry); visualization of the chemical phenomena from the macroscopic to the microscopic level; operational knowledge of general chemistry to solve stoichiometry exercises;
familiarity with simple basic techniques of filtration and crystallization. Applying knowledge and understanding: ability to apply the theory to assign the names of the most common inorganic chemical
compounds, to balance a chemical reaction, to perform stoichiometric calculations, to solve numerical problems with gases, solutions, and acid or basic substances, and electrochemistry; ability to
correlate the chemical structure with the physical
properties and reactivity of the compounds; acquire the ability to interpret and rationalize chemical reactions from a critical and non-mnemonic point of view, using a scientific methodological approach to
be applied to subsequent studies in other fields of chemistry and biology; ability to collect experimental data in a suitable way; ability to apply theoretical concepts to the execution and understanding of the experiments and to the interpretation of the results.
Making judgements: ability to interpret and rationalize chemical processes from a critical point of view, using a scientific methodological approach; ability to draw conclusions on stoichiometry
problems and to choose between different methods;
skill to analyze critically the results of the laboratory
experiences, understanding possible errors and suggesting solutions.; ability to make choices and express judgments. Communication skills: ability to use a suitable scientific language when answering the questions; acquisition of a vocabulary of
chemical terms to be able to expose topics of technical and conceptual nature in a precise,
concise and clear manner; skill to report on the work done (and generally on chemical-scientific topics) in a precise, concise and clear manner; ability to write a scientific report. Learning skills: ability to use the material provided
for a subsequent reasoned use.