Ateneo - UPO

Description of the macro and microscopic structure of the human body understood as organs, systems and systems and their relationships from a topographical and functional point of view.

Atlante tascabile di Anatomia Sezionale (Vol.1,2,3) – Moeller-Reif, Ed.CIC Anatomia Umana – Martini-Tommons-Tallitsch EdiSES

THE COURSE IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT WITH A DEEPER FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ANATOMICAL AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT APPARATUS, EVEN IN TOPOGRAPHIC SENSE.

Students must have the knowledge provided by biology and histology courses.

Projector and computer supplied in the classroom.
Presentations in MS-Power Point format, interactive CD-ROMs and educational websites.

Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-students-physical-or-learning-disabilities
Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

The exam consists of a written test with multiple choice questions on topics as per program regarding the general part of Human Anatomy and an image test (RX, NMR TAC) for the part concerning Topographical Anatomy, possibly integrated by one or more oral questions.
The student will have to demonstrate that he has assimilated the basic notions presented by the course and to express himself using the appropriate terminology.

Introduction to the study of human anatomy, anatomical terminology, anatomical position, anatomical axes and planes, movements. Landmark and introduction to topographical anatomy. Definition of hollow and full organ, apparatuses and systems. Anatomical investigation methods.
Bone tissue and types of bones. Definition of articulation and classification: synarthrosis and diarthrosis. Axile and appendicular skeleton. Skull: neurocranium (base and vault) and maxillofacial. Pneumatic bones, jaw, hyoid bone.
Spine: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae; ligaments and joints (interstitial disc), physiological curves and their formation Sapolar ring (scapula, clavicle), scapular-humeral joint, humerus, radius and ulna, elbow joint complex and radio-carpic joint, carpal bones, metacarpals and phalanges .
Rib cage (sternum ribs and joints),
Bones of the pelvis (ileum, ischium, pubis). Small pelvis, large pelvis, narrow upper and lower (birth canal).
Pelvic girdle and lower limb: femur, art. coxo-femoral, knee art., patella, tibia and fibula, tarsus, metatarsal and phalanges. Physiological curves of the foot.
Introduction to the muscle structure and description of the main muscle groups: facial and chewing muscles, neck muscles (sterno-cleido-mastoid, scalene, supra and sub-hyoid muscles), back muscles, appendicular and respiratory thoracic muscles (Diaphragm and intercostal muscles, respiratory muscles accessories).
Abdominal wall (rectum, external and internal oblique, transverse). Square muscle of the loins.
Internal and external hip muscles (buttocks, obturators, piriformis, iliopsoas), Pelvic floor and anus elevator muscle. Muscles of the upper and lower limbs.Cardio-circulatory system: Heart (position and conformation, heart sac, atria, ventricles, valves, coronary circulation). Aortic arch and its branches. Head circulation and Willis polygon. Main aortic branches: bronchial, esophageal, intercostal, celiac tripod, adrenal arteries, renal arteries, upper and lower mesenteric arteries, gonadal arteries, common iliac arteries, external and internal (hypogastric).
Arteries of the upper limb and lower limb. Structure of the veins, superior and inferior vena cava, azygos vein system and hemizygos veins, portal vein system, renal veins. Veins of the upper and lower limbs. Lymph and lymphatic system. Superficial and deep lymph nodes (main groups). Lumbar cistern and thoracic duct.Structure and function of the spleen and thymus. Fetal circulation.
Differentiated use of X-rays, CT and NMR for the study of the various organs, systems and systems.
Head X-ray: vault and skull base fractures, ATM study and art. Atlantoaxial epististrof.
X-ray spine and rib cage. Vertebra fracture analysis.
Abdominal-pelvic x-ray: characteristics and use. Analysis of some clinical cases.
Upper and lower limb x-ray (types of fractures, changes in bone structures and periosteum)
NMR and chest CT: mediastinal structure, heart and large vessels, aortic arch and coronary artery (3D).Descriptive and functional anatomy of the upper and lower airways (Nasal Cavity, Larynx, Trachea and Bronchi, Pulmonary Parenchyma, Pleure).
Descriptive and functional anatomy of the buccal cavity and salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach. Peritoneum, peritoneal cavity and main recesses.
Descriptive and functional anatomy of the intestine divided into duodenum, jejunum, ileum, blind intestine with ileocecal valve and worm-like appendage, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid and rectum colon. Intramural and extra-mural glands (exocrine pancreas and liver with their relationships with peritoneum. Gallbladder structure.
NMR and CT abdominal cavity: stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, intestine, analysis of some clinical cases
Descriptive and functional anatomy of the renal lodge and kidneys (parenchyma, major minor calices and renal pelvis). Structure of the nephron. Location and structure of ureters, bladder, male and female urethra.
Descriptive and functional anatomy of the male genital system (testicle, epididymis, vas deferens and spermatic cord, prostate, penis).
Descriptive and functional anatomy of the female genital system (ovary, tube, uterus, vaginal canal).
NMR and CT abdominal-pelvic cavity: kidneys and urinary tract, ovary and uterus, peritoneal recesses, testicle, prostate, penis
Descriptive and functional anatomy of the central nervous system: Spinal cord and spinal meninges, CSF. Distribution of white matter and gray matter in the spinal cord. Spinal ganglia function. Alpha motor neurons, gamma and viscero-effector neurons. Main ascending bundles.
Descriptive and functional anatomy of the central nervous system: Brain stem (Stretched medulla, bridge, midbrain with quadrigeminal lamina). Main nuclei of the brain stem. Cerebellum: structure of the cerebellar cortex, climbing and muscoid fibers, deep nuclei. Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, metatalamus, epitalamus and subthalamus.
Structure and function of the nuclei of the base. Macro and microscopic structure of the cerebral cortex. Main functional areas. Sensory and motor homunculus. Motorways (pyramidal and extrapyramidal)
Structure and function of the Peripheral Nervous System. Functional correlations of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system, nomenclature and meaning of the Cranial Nerves. Hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Structure of the pituitary gland and its portal circle. Adrenal glands.
NMR and CT of large joint complexes and of the lumbosacral portion (herniated disc herniation and cistern liquor)
NMR and skull CT: brain and vascular structures, study of the Willis polygon, venous sinuses and ventricles.

Knowledge of organs, systems and systems in their conformation and structure, relationships and involvement in clinical aspects.