Ateneo - UPO

The Human Physiology I bis module aims to introduce the principles that determine and regulate the functional activity of the body's various systems (kidneys and digestive system) and to provide experimental knowledge on how to study them. It also offers an optional opportunity to clarify the physiological basis of diagnostic procedures used in medical practice and to deepen understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of some experimental techniques used in basic and applied medical research. With regard to applied aspects, acid-base disorders are briefly discussed, with particular emphasis on recalling physiological concepts.

Fisiologia Umana a cura F. Grassi, D. Negrini e CA Porro, Poletto Editore. II edition

The educational objectives are addressed to the knowledge of principles governing the functional acvitity of various organs and apparatus. They are also aimed at promoting the integration between basic sciences and the clinical approach. Particular attention is paid to the "gender medicine". Educational objectives: 1) knowledge and comprehension of physiologic mechanisms regulating gastrointestinal secretion, absorption and motility. Physiologic liver function. Physiopathologic aspects of gastrointestinal physiology and practic applications of basic physiologic notions, with referrals to the clinic. 2) Knowledge and comprehension of mechanisms regulating renal filtration, reabsorption and secretion, of renal clearances and of the role of kidney in acide-base balance. Clinical applications of basic physiologic notions, with particular attention to the alterazions of the acid-base balance.  3) Practical applications of main principles regarding kidney and digestive system physiology. In particular, the student is expected to have acquired independent judgment and adequate communication skills relating to the principles of Physiology.

Students should be in possession of basic knowledge of Anatomy, Istology, Physics, Chemistry and Biochemistry.

Power point and DIR are used to present the frontal lessons and to upload the power point files and interactive videos. Use of simulators for the practical applications of renal physiology. The effectiveness of the teaching method is evaluated through the organization of verification sessions concerning the topics covered in class.

The course is organized into a part focused on the arguments related to the renal and digestive Physiology and a part focused on the practical aspects of the physiological issues. Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via reference office consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-students-physical-or-learning-disabilities. Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

Students will have an oral exam about gastrointestinal and renal physiology. The student should prove to have acquired basic notions of Physiology learned during frontal lessons and exercitations. The achievement of the educational objectives will be assessed with particular reference to autonomy of judgment, communication skills and learning skills. The acquisitions of the basic principles relating to the physiology of the various systems will be considered for the purpose of achieving sufficiency. Excellence can be achieved by the student who will demonstrate to create links with clinical aspects and who will demonstrate to know in detail the signaling pathways and the mechanisms underlying the principles of Physiology.

Gastrointestinal system. Anatomy. Gastrointestinal secretions (saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, intestinal juice, bile): regulation of production, composition, and functions. Gastrointestinal motility: types of movement, mechanisms of onset, and functions. Digestion and absorption: mechanisms involved in the digestion and absorption of sugars, proteins, and lipids. Absorption of electrolytes and vitamins. Incretins. Physiology of the liver. Pathophysiology. Physiology of the kidney. Anatomy. Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of renal blood flow. Glomerular filtration. Mechanisms of tubular reabsorption and secretion. Renal clearance. Tubular reabsorption of water and solutes. Mechanisms of urine concentration. Acid-base balance: main buffer systems. Role of the kidney in regulating acid-base balance. Pathophysiology. Practical applications of main principles regarding kidney and digestive physiology

To achieve the knowledge and skills corresponding to the minimum level of proficiency, the student is required to demonstrate: (KNOWLEDGE) -be aware of physiologic mechanisms that regulate the function of various organs (COMPETENCE) -use the knowledge for solving the quiz of applied physiology and to face physiopathological aspects (TRANSVERSAL ABILITY) -to be able to read, understand and discuss technical material taken from books, other tests etc; -to know or find out the internationl terminology. For the achievement of an advanced level, the student must demonstrate to be able to know the intracellular mechanisms underlying the notions of Physiology and hypothesize clinical applications.