Ateneo - UPO

- HOMEOSTASIS - THE NEURON FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - SENSITIVITY - MOBILITY - LEARNING AND MEMORY - THE VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM - THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Bossi E. et al. Fisiologia Umana - ELEMENTI. edi.ermes.

Belfiore A. et al. Fisiologia Umana - FONDAMENTI. edi.ermes.

The module aims to enable the learning of the principles that determine and regulate the functional activity of the central and peripheral nervous system so that tools and knowledge useful in clinical practice are provided.
It also aims to promote understanding skills in order to demonstrate a professional approach to their work, with competences.
The aim is also to promote comprehension skills so as to demonstrate a professional approach to their work, with appropriate skills both to devise and support arguments and to solve problems in their field of study.

The students must have basic scientific knowledge as well as specific knowledge in Anatomy, Chemistry and Biochemistry. These prerequisites will facilitate learning during the course.

The course is delivered through lectures conducted by the teacher with the use of supporting materials (MS-Power Point slides, bibliographic
materials, videos). The material presented in class will be made available on the DIR teaching platform.
Students are asked to proceed systematically with self-study and actively participate in the proposed discussions.

At the end of the course, an exam simulator is shown, which will also be uploaded as an individual exercise on the DIR platform. The queries will be similar to those that will be used for the final examination.

Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-
students-physical-or-learning-disabilities

Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

The examination consists of a written test with multiple-choice questions.
The students will have to demonstrate that he/she has assimilated the basic notions learned during the lectures sufficiently to be able to deal effectively with the subsequent courses. The pass mark is set at 50% of correct answers. Exceeding the threshold of 90% correct answers is considered a result of excellence. Students with DSA certifications or disabilities will take the exam with compensatory and dispensatory tools, which "replace or facilitate the performance required in the deficient skill", be it writing, reading or calculation, and allow the student to study and learn effectively. These tools are approved by the competent UPO office, which will notify the Teachers.

Homeostasis and internal balance
Maintaining body balance Feedback control systems
The limbic system
The neuron and excitable tissues.
• Cellular potentials. Distribution of ions and membrane permeability,
membrane potential, action potential, refractory period.
• Electrical models of neurons. Membrane Model: Membrane Resistance, membrane capacity, time constant. Axonal conduction model:
membrane resistance, axial cytoplasmic resistance, space constant.
• Electrical and chemical synapses.
• Neurotransmitters and receptors. Types of neurotransmitters,
neuromodulators,
major neurotransmitters.
• Structure of the muscle cell striata, thick filaments and thin filaments, control mechanism, role of ATP.
• Striated muscle: types of contraction, length / tension curve, load /
speed curve. Motor unit, types of fibers, simple jolt and muscle tetanus, force modulation. Characteristics of smooth muscle.
Motor system and higher functions.
• Spinal cord and reflexes. Morpho-functional characteristics, basic
circuits, concept of reflex, modulation, deep reflexes (myotatic), superficial reflexes (flexor).
• Locomotion. Phillipson model, kinematics, central pattern generators,
integration of afferent signals, supraspinal control.
• Posture. Postural tone.
• Voluntary movement. Organization of the descending pathways, motor
area primary, premotor areas, supplementary motor areas, reaching and grasping,
neglect syndrome, mirror neurons.
• Nuclei of the base. Nuclei, basic circuitry, direct and indirect routes, disturbances
hypo and hyperkinetic, motor, oculomotor, cognitive and limbic circuits.
• Cerebellum. Typical signs of the injury, general organization, basic circuit, simple and complex potentials, recalibration, experimental lesions.
Autonomous nervous system. Section structure, similarities and differences
sympathetic and parasympathetic neurotransmitters and receptors.
Integrated stress response. Definition of stress, phases according to Selye, arm nervous and chemical arm. Adrenaline: biosynthesis, adrenergic receptors, effects metabolic. Cortisol: control of secretion, metabolic effects, other effects.

The expected results consist of the students' acquisition of the
mechanisms underlying the functioning of the organs and systems of the human body under physiological conditions. This information will facilitate the learning of human pathologies and their therapies, thus providing a broad knowledge of human physiological skills, which, together with the skills acquired in the subsequent courses, will shape future professionalism.