Ateneo - UPO

The course illustrates the general organisation of the human body (levels of organisation, terminology, planes and cavities) and the macroscopic anatomy of the main organ systems: locomotor, cardiovascular and lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, endocrine and nervous.

TEXTBOOKS
P. Bandiera, P. Bielli, F. Boccafoschi, P. Ciarmela, K. Cortese, S. David, D.M. Gibelli, A. Morelli, M.A. Panaro, C. Porro, a cura di E. Donetti. ANATOMIA UMANA con approfondimenti di Anatomia Funzionale. PICCIN
Kenneth S. Saladin. Anatomia umana. PICCIN
F. H. Martini, R. B. Tallitsch, J. L. Nath. Anatomia Umana, EDISES
Barbatelli, Bertoni, Boccafoschi, Bosetti, Carini. Anatomia Umana – Fondamenti, Edi-Ermes

ANATOMY ATLAS
Viguè, Martin. Atlante di Anatomia Umana. PICCIN
Anastasi-Tacchetti. Atlante di Anatomia Umana. Edi-Ermes
Anne M. Gilroy, Brian R. MacPherson, Lawrence M. Ross, E. Gaudio. Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Prometheus, Edises

The course aims to provide the student with the basic knowledge of the structure of the human body at its various levels of organisation (organs and systems), with particular reference to the locomotor system. At the end of the course the student should know the general organisation of the human body and the structure of bones, joints, muscles and main organs, as the anatomical basis required for the practice of the physiotherapist profession and for the study of subsequent disciplines, including neuroanatomy and biomechanics.

Basic knowledge of biology, cytology and histology acquired in secondary school and in the first-year introductory courses (organisation of the cell and of the main tissues) is useful. No compulsory prerequisites are required.

The course (3 ECTS, 36 hours) is delivered through classroom lectures supported by slides, images and anatomical plates prepared by the lecturer. During the course, some moments of personal assessment are scheduled using the Kahoot platform, as a tool for self-assessment and consolidation of knowledge. Teaching material is made available on the DIR (Didattica in Rete) e-learning platform. Attendance is compulsory according to the Degree Course regulations.

Student office hours are by appointment, to be arranged by e-mail with the lecturer. Notices, announcements and teaching material are published on the University DIR (Didattica in Rete) e-learning platform, communicated by e-mail from the lecturer or through the student office (segreteria).
Students with disabilities, Specific Learning Disorders (SLD/DSA) or Special Educational Needs (SEN/BES) may request dedicated services and tools by contacting the Staff for Career Development, Coordination and Services to Students, and by consulting the dedicated page of the University website: https://uniupo.it/it/servizi/servizi-studentesse-e-studenti-condizione-di-fragilit%C3%A0-disabilit%C3%A0-dsa-bes
Once they have contacted the University Staff, students with disabilities, DSA or BES may contact the lecturer in charge of the course regarding the arrangement of the examination methods and the teaching aspects.

The exam consists of a written test made up of 30 multiple-choice questions (5 options, only one correct) covering the whole programme. Questions are organised into four areas: locomotor system (bones and muscles); cardiovascular and lymphatic system; organs of the visceral systems (splanchnology); nervous system. The test assesses knowledge of the course topics and the student's ability to focus on and master the themes with adequate breadth, as well as the correct use of anatomical terminology. The result determines the mark of the Human Anatomy module, which contributes – together with the marks of the other modules – to the overall mark of the integrated exam; passing requires a sufficient mark (18/30) in all modules.

- Introduction to anatomy: subject of anatomy; levels of organisation (cell, tissues, organs and systems); structure of solid organs (parenchymatous and filamentous) and hollow organs (visceral and vascular); anatomical position, reference planes and axes, directional terminology; body cavities and regions.
- Locomotor system – skeletal muscle: general features of muscle tissue and connective sheaths (endomysium, perimysium, epimysium); muscle shape and fibre arrangement; origin and insertion; notes on agonist and antagonist muscles.
- Skeleton – general features and joints: classification of bones (long, flat with diploe, short); joints: synarthroses, amphiarthroses (symphyses) and diarthroses (plane, ball-and-socket, condyloid, saddle, hinge/trochlear, pivot) and joint movements (uni-, bi- and triaxial).
- Axial skeleton: vertebral column (physiological curvatures and alterations; cervical vertebrae with atlas and axis, thoracic and lumbar; sacrum and coccyx; intervertebral discs); thoracic cage (sternum; true, false and floating ribs).
- Appendicular skeleton: pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula) and upper limb (humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals and phalanges); pelvic girdle (hip bone) and lower limb (femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals and phalanges); main joints of the limbs (shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, ankle).
- Skull and head-neck muscles: neurocranium (bones of the vault and base, cranial fossae, cribriform plate, paranasal sinuses) and viscerocranium (bones of the face, mandible, temporomandibular joint); notes on the masticatory and suprahyoid muscles.
- Cardiovascular and lymphatic system: heart (position and relationships, pericardium, myocardium and conduction system, valves); pulmonary and systemic circulation; arteries, veins and capillaries; lymphatic system (lymph, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus).
- Respiratory system: upper and lower airways; pharynx, larynx, trachea and main bronchi; lungs (lobes and cardiac impression); pulmonary acinus and alveoli (type I and II pneumocytes, surfactant); diaphragm.
- Digestive system: oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and large intestine (caecum, appendix, colon, rectum); peritoneum and mesenteries; accessory glands: pancreas, liver and biliary tract; salivary glands.
- Urinary system: kidney (cortex, medulla, nephron, juxtaglomerular apparatus), ureters, bladder and urethra.
- Endocrine system: pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
- Nervous system (basics): general organisation of the central and peripheral nervous system; brain, brainstem and cerebellum; spinal cord; meninges and cerebrospinal fluid; notes on the cranial and spinal nerves and the autonomic nervous system. In-depth neuroanatomy is covered in the dedicated course.

Knowledge and understanding: the student knows the general organisation of the human body and the macroscopic structure of the main organ systems, with particular reference to the locomotor system.
Applying knowledge and understanding: the student is able to locate and describe bones, joints, muscles and organs within their respective systems and to use basic anatomical knowledge in the professional context of physiotherapy.
Making judgements: the student is able to relate structure and function and to integrate anatomical notions with the other disciplines of the study programme.
Communication skills: the student is able to describe anatomical structures using correct and appropriate scientific terminology.
Learning skills: the student has acquired a study method that enables them to independently update and deepen their anatomical knowledge.