Ateneo - UPO

Notions of conservative and endodontics are essential for the training of dental hygienists. The course aims to provide knowledge on the etiopathogenesis of caries and the non carious loss of hard dental tissues, on the complications resulting from the loss of tooth substance and on the possibility of restoring lost hard dental tissues, on the differential diagnosis with discolorations and losses of tooth substance. The student must acquire competence and ability in implementing primary prevention protocols to prevent the destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth, secondary to prevent continuing decalcification and destruction process, tertiary to maintain the conservative restorations. At the end of the course, the student must have acquired semeiological skills in the interpretation of odontogenic pain, of differential diagnostics in recognizing the causes of the loss of hard tissues of the teeth, of assisting the dentist having understood the aims of his intervention.

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To provide the elements necessary to understand and recognize the causes of the loss of hard dental tissues, the preventive methods, the resulting complications, the main restoration methods. The student must acquire skills and competence in the work of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of lesions of the hard tissues of the tooth and understand the activity of the dentists with whom he collaborates.

Fundamentals of anatomy, histology, microbiology, chemistry, radiology, dental materials.

Lessons in frontal teaching and supplementary teaching in small groups to deepen individual topics.

During the internship, the students attend and assist during the clinical activity of restorative dentistry and endodontics.

The exam consists of a written test with two open questions. In the test, the level of knowledge acquired and the understanding of the course contents are verified. The student must demonstrate to know and be able to present the arguments in an understandable way; to have understood at least the fundamental concepts; adequately stimulated, he must demonstrate that he can recognize the mistakes made and therefore find the correct solutions; the student must be able to establish connections between topics covered and other disciplines. The evaluation of the single points will lead to the overall evaluation.

Embryology, Anatomy and Histology of hard and soft dental tissues. Carious and non-carious lesions that lead to the destruction of hard dental tissues.Caries, etiopathogenesis. Epidemiology of caries. Pathological anatomy of caries. Semeiology and diagnosis of caries. Caries classification and epidemiological indices of caries (DMF, ICDAS). Cavity classification according to Black. Caries therapy: Isolation of the operative field (Dam project), Removal of caries. Preparations for direct and indirect restorations. Conservative restorations with fillings and reconstructions, inlays, onlays and veneers. Prevention of caries: fluoride, oral hygiene, sealing. Non-carious lesions of hard tissues. Discolorations and pigmentations. Genetically determined (Amelogenesis imperfecta) and acquired (Erosions, Abrasions, Abfraction, Wear) hard tissue losses. Dental sensitivity and dentinal hypersensitivity: definition and differential diagnostics; pathophysiological mechanism of the transmission of odontogenic pain; staging of erosion and erosion indices. Epidemiology, etiology, locations, diagnosis, prevention and therapy of Hypersensitivity.Whitening: materials and methods to be applied on vital and non-vital teeth. Sealants: materials and methods. Classification of materials, sites of application; indications for use; application procedures. Endodontics: Definition, Classification of Pulpopathies and Pulpits, Pulp Necrosis, Clinical Pictures, Materials and Methods for Pulp Removal, Preparation and Endodontal Obturation. Retrograde endodontics: apicoectomy. Caries and Pulp disease complications: Abscesses, phlegmons and odontogenic empyemas. Focal disease.

At the end of the course the student must have acquired specific theoretical knowledge relating to the causes and consequences of the destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth on the pulp, the therapeutic possibilities, the methods of primary / secondary / tertiary prevention. The theoretical knowledge, combined with the activity carried out during the internship, must give the student the competence and ability to carry out his clinical activity independently.