Ateneo - UPO

Stoichiometry: The module will deal with stoichiometry calculations strategies and problem solving related to the basic concepts illustrated the General and Inorganic Chemistry module: chemical nomenclature of inorganic compounds, balancing of chemical equations, chemistry laws calculations, solutions and their properties, chemical equilibria, acids and bases, electrochemistry.Laboratory: Further deepening of some topics of General Chemistry and introduction to the main experimental techniques used in the laboratory. The laboratory practice consists of safety concepts, the basic study of solution equilibria, electrochemistry and some simple inorganic syntheses.

R. Breschi e A. Massagli, “Stechiometria”, Edizioni ETS; M. Bruschi, “Stechiometria e Laboratorio di Chimica Generale”, Pearson; P. Michelin Lausarot e G. A. Vaglio, “Fondamenti di Stechiometria”, Piccin; R. Morassi, G.P. Speroni, “Il laboratorio Chimico”, Piccin; Slowinski, Wolsey, Masterton, “Laboratorio di Chimica”, Piccin.

Stoichiometry: the main objective of the module is to provide the necessary basic knowledge and tools to develop an appropriate problem-solving ability applied to stoichiometry problems related to General and Inorganic Chemistry, starting from the recognition of the dependent and independent variables, the design of the resolution strategy and finally, in the critical discussion of the results. These skills and competences allow for the application of concepts learned in the theoretical module and form the basis for the successive laboratory course. Laboratory. The course has the objectives to: develop basic knowledge on materials, equipment, basic operations and techniques of common use in the chemical laboratory; gain preliminary skills on preparation of inorganic compounds and their purification; experimental verification of the main chemical processes in aqueous solution; develop the student skill in the basic laboratory practices.

Basic elements of calculus.

Stoichiometry: Classroom lectures, slide shows and guided exercises with open discussion. The module will be developed by slowly increasing the degree of complexity of the proposed stoichiometry problems in order to stimulate the capacity to link different topics. Students will be encouraged to actively participate to classes and guided through individual or collaborative problem-solving activity in order to stimulate preparation progresses and regularly test them. This approach will also favor the development of the expected specific communication skills. Students will be encouraged to supplement in-class work with individual homework for a successful fruition of the course. Laboratory. Laboratory activities with related discussion. The learning progress monitoring involves individual report on each of the activities, including general discussion and stoichiometry tests.

Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/servicesstudents-physical-or-learning-disabilities.Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

Stoichiometry: The final exam will consist in a written test to be performed in 2 h (max). The test will contain 6 numerical exercises (2 exercises with score of 2 points and 4 exercises with score of 1.5 points). The maximum score attainable is 10 and the minimum score requested to gain access to the General and Inorganic Chemistry module is 6/10. The evaluation and scoring of the test will be based on the capacity to identify the unknown variables of the problem, implement a rational and justified resolution strategy and use the appropriate chemical vocabulary and symbolism. Passing is achieved by demonstrating the ability to apply these skills to the main topics of the course. The maximum score is achieved by applying these skills in all the proposed exercises. On the DIR platform students find examples of exam texts. Laboratory: The exam is written and it will consist of 3 questions (worth 1 point each), which will be formulated during the exam for the theoretical module, following the 12 questions on the theory part. There is no threshold for passing these 3 questions (as they are integrated into the aforementioned theoretical exam), but the maximum score is achieved with a good knowledge of laboratory procedures and equipment. There will also be an evaluation during the laboratory sessions on short reports submitted daily, which can be used to increase the overall grade up to a maximum of 0.5 points. Starting from the scores obtained in the written tests of the course modules, the examination board will make an overall evaluation of the results to determine the final grade.

Stoichiometry: The Stoichiometry module is part of the integrated course of General and Inorganic Chemistry and consist in the quantitative solving of problems related to the main topics of General Chemistry. In particular the main topics of the module are: units of measurement and basic principles of statistics, classification of compounds, oxidation number and chemical nomenclature, moles and Avogadro's number, molecular formula, percentage calculations, balancing non-redox reactions, reaction yield, introduction to green chemistry metrics and atom economy calculations, limiting reagent, classification of chemical reactions and prediction of reaction products of simple reactions, gas laws, ideal gas equation, gas mixtures, concentration of solutions, preparation of solutions by weighing and by dilution, colligative properties, chemical equilibrium, law of mass action, calculation of K and of the equilibrium composition, complex equilibria, Le Chatelier's principle, autoprotolysis of water and Kw, calculation of pH of solutions of strong acids and bases, strong acid-strong base titrations, calculation of pH and Ka and Kb of weak acids and bases, calculation of pH of polyprotic acids, degree of acid dissociation, hydrolysis, buffer solutions and Henderson-Hasselbach equation, heterogeneous equilibria, solubility product, solubility calculation, common ion effect, redox reactions and their balancing, galvanic cells, relationship between free energy and potential, Nernst equation, standard reduction potentials, electrolysis.Laboratory: A first part of the course, carried on in the classroom (2h), regards: i) acid-base titrations; ii) a description of the main experimental techniques used in the laboratory. The experimental activities in the laboratory (28h) is devoted to achieve practical expertise on basic operations (weighing, filtration, crystallization, preparation of known-title solutions, synthesis of simple inorganic compounds). The work in the laboratory is individual or in small groups, with a continuous tutoring by the teacher. The following experiments will be carried on: preparation of solutions with given concentration and pH determination with indicators. Hydrolysis. Preparation of buffer solutions. Properties of amphoteric metal hydroxides. Study of the reduction potentials of several elements. Determination of the purity of an impure salt (NaCl). Electrolysis of a solution of KI; electrolysis of water. Kinetics experiments.Suggestions will be provided on how to write an effective laboratory reports and how to use a correct vocabulary.

Knowledge and understanding: basic knowledge of general chemistry necessary for the resolution of stoichiometry problems, operational knowledge of general chemistry to solve lab. tests; familiarity with simple basic techniques of filtration and crystallization. Applying knowledge and understanding: ability to apply the acquired knowledge to the correct assignment of chemical nomenclature, balancing of chemical equations, stoichiometry calculations, resolution of problems on gases, solutions, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases and electrochemistry, ability to collect experimental data in a suitable way, ability to apply theoretical concepts to the execution and understanding of the experiments and to the interpretation of the results.Independent judgment ability: capability to independently implement the correct resolution strategies, analyze and validate data correctly and draw reliable conclusions, Making judgements: skill to analyze critically the results of the laboratory experiences, understanding possible errors and suggesting solutions.; ability to make choices and express judgments. Communication skills: ability to use a suitable scientific language when answering the questions; acquisition of a vocabulary of chemical terms to be able to expose topics of technical and conceptual nature in a precise, concise and clear manner; skill to report on the work done (and generally on chemical-scientific topics) in a precise, concise and clear manner.