Ateneo - UPO

Overview of the classical Physics: vectors, physical quantities and their measurement, Kinematics in one and two dimensions, dynamics of the material point and the rigid body, fluids dynamics for ideal and real fluids, thermodynamics, considering in particular the ideal gas as model of application, electrostatic, electricty and magnetism, sound and electromagnetic waves, geometrical optics, modern physics (hints) considering
nuclear phenomena,
theory of special relativity,
quantum mechanics, atomic structure, structure of atomic nuclei,
radioactive decay.

reference books:

D. C. Giancoli, "FISICA, Principi e applicazioni", Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

J. Walker, "Fondamenti di Fisica", Pearson

A. Giambattista, B. McCarthy Richardson, R.C. Richardson, "Fisica
Generale, Principi e applicazioni", McGraw Hill

D. Scannicchio, "Fisica Biomedica", EdiSES

J. Kane, M. Sternheim, "Fisica Applicata", EMSI

D. Halliday, R. Resnick, J. Walker, "Fondamenti di Fisica", Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

N. Mohlo, "Fondamenti di fisica per scienze medico-biologiche", Monduzzi

A. Cromer, "Fisica per medicina, farmacia e biologia", Piccin

M. Celasco, "Lineamenti di Fisica", ECIG

Mathematics:

R. Davidson, Metodi matematici per un corso introduttivo di fisica, EdiSES

Exercises :
A.R. King, O. Regev, "500 Problems and Solutions", Cambridge University Press,

Larry Gonick, Art Huffman, The Cartoon Guide to Physics, Collins

The course intends to examine those aspects of Classical Physics essential for a non mnemonic understanding and a good command in domains as Physiology and Biophysics.
An additional formative target consists in analyzing quantitatively some technical and conceptual approaches towards physical mechanisms involved in the medical diagnostics with a short overview on
techniques of imaging

Basical knowledge of Mathematics: for example the assimilated program of the classic high scool is deemed to be sufficient.
The knowledge of the infinitesimal calculus is not required.

Tradictional lectures using video projector and exercitations with problems solved in the classroom using overhead projector and/or tradictional blackboard.

The attendance at the lectures is mandatory.

The evaluation consists of a written exam, with multiple choice tests and open questions, and an oral exam in the aim to evaluate the level of knowledge, deepening and reasoning ability reached by the student concerning all the topics included in the program.
The use of educational material during the examination is forbidden.
The student is allowed to take the oral exam only after he/she has passed the written test.

- Mathematics, geometry, statistics,
cartesian coordinates, functions and their graphical representation: straight, parabola, hyperbola, exponentiation, iperbole, logarithms, trigonometric functions;
linear and logarithmic scales,
Significant digits, Scientific notation,
Vectors; arithmetic operations with vectors: addition, subtraction, scalar and vector product-
Probability and probability density; mean value, standard deviation, Gauss distribution.

- Physical quantities and their measurement
Units of measurement. Statistical uncertainty and bias
-Mechanics
Kinematics:
Velocity, acceleration.
Rectilinear motion, free vertical motion, two and three dimensional motion
Circular motion, angular, radial and transversal velocities,
centripetal acceleration,
Circular uniform motion.
Dynamics
Force, mass, The Newton's laws, Inertial and non inertial reference systems,
Pseudo forces, centrifugal force. Constraint reactions,
Law of universal gravitation,
static and dynamic friction.
Work, kinetic and potential energy.
conservative and non-conservative forces, Total energy and its conservation, Power and linear momentum.
Conservation of the total linear momentum,
Elastic and inelastic collisions,
Harmonic motion, Simple pendulum and springs,
Elastic forces, Elastic potential energy,
The forced oscillator with damping, resonance, torque of a force,
Rigid body and equilibrium, Levers.
Center of mass and center of gravity, Stability, Motion of the center of mass, The second Newton's law for particle systems
Angular velocity and acceleration
Momentum of inertia, angular momentume and its conservation,
Elasticity, moduli of elasticity, (Young, Poisson, compressibility),
Flexural modulus of elasticity, yield strength.

- Fluids dynamics:
Pressure, density. Archimedes' law. Volumetric flow, continuity equation, energy conservation and Bernoulli's law, applications: stenosis and aneurysm.

Viscosity:, coefficient of viscosity. Hagen-Poiseuille law Hydrodynamic resistance, resistances in series and in parallel
Stokes' law, Sedimentation and sedimentation rate, centrifugal device,
Turbulent flow, Reynolds' number. Measurement of the arterial pressure,
Ideal gas, equation of state kinetic theory; mean square velocity
isotherms of real gases,
Changes of state, steam and gas, saturated steam, liquefaction, humidity, diffusion, diffusion coefficient,
Fick's law, surface tension,
Laplace and Jurin laws.

Thermodynamics:
first principle of Thermodynamics,
specific heat and thermal capacity, Specific heat of an ideal gas at constant volume and constant pressure,
metabolic power, second principle of thermodynamics; reversible and irreversible processes, entropy, thermodynamic cycles, Carnot cicle, thermodynamic efficiency.

- Electricity and Magnetism:
electric charge, Coulomb law, electric field, electrostatic potential energy, potential, elettronvolt, Relationship between the electric field and potential.
electric dipole, field lines. electric dipole in an external electric field.
Conductors and insulators, dielectric polarization,
electric capacity,
capacitor with dielectric,
relative dielectric constant,
electrostatic energy of a charged capacitor, equivalent capacity for capacitors in series and in parallel,
electric current,
velocity drift of charge carriers,
electric resistance,
resistivity, Ohm's law, resistances in series and in parallel, electric circuits.
Power in electric circuits,
Joule's law,
ohmic and non-ohmic conductors,
the diode,
Circuits in direct current and alternating current, RMS voltege and current.
Effectes of the passage of current through the uman body,
earthing.
Magnetic field,
Lorentz force; force on a wire traversed by current, Biot-Savart law. Magnetic fields producted by wire, coil, solenoid.
magnetic dipole,
magnetic dipole momentum,
magnetic dipole in an external magnetic field.
Ferromagnetic materials, permanent magnets
flux of the magnetic field, Faraday-Lenz law, electric generators, transformers, cathode ray tube,
operating principles of linac, synchrotrone, cyclotrone.
Periodic waves, velocity, period, wavelength, longitudinal and transverse waves,
Fourier analysis (hints), electromagnetic waves, antenne.
Energy quantization in e.m. waves: the photon, generation of X-rays, Bremsstrahlung and characteristic lines,
use of X-rays in diagnostic investigations: physical principles (hints).
- Sound waves, nature of souns, sound waves intensity, sound intensity level: the decibel,
Doppler effect, ultrasounds, Doppler flow meter.
- geometrical optics, reflection, refraction, refractive index, Snell law, total reflection. Lenses, equation of thin lenses.
- Modern Physics:
nuclear phenomena,
theory of special relativity (hints),
quantum mechanics (hints), atomic structure (hints), electronic transitions in atoms, structure of atomic nuclei
stable and unstable nuclei, alpha, beta and gamma decay,
activity, law of the radioactive decay, PET: principle of operation.

- Knowledge and comprehension:

the student is requested to obtain a non mnemonic knowledge of those aspects of Classical Physics essential for a good command in domains as Physiology and Biophysics.
An additional formative target consists in the understanding of some technical and conceptual approaches towards physical mechanisms involved in the medical diagnostics, in particular the
techniques of imaging.

- Skillness in knowledge and comprehension
application:

the student will be able to apply the reached knowledge in those domains requiring aspects of Classical Physics essential for a good command in domains as Physiology Biophysics and medical diagnostics.

Autonomous judgement ability:

The student is requested to reach the ability to analize with critical sens the topics concerning all the domains of the Classical Physics which are essential
in the following steps of his/her medical formation.

-Communication skillness:

The student is requested to master the lexicon mainly used in all the domains of the Classical and Modern Physics considered in the program.
In the written and oral examination the student is requested to use properly and with critical sense the lexicon belonging the studied topics.

Learning skillness:

The student will reach the necessary skillness to use the provided educational material in the aim of a critical analysis of the studied topics.
Furthermore the student will be able to deepen and update in an indipendent way all the subjects related to the topics of the lessons, by the reading of scientific texts and articles