Ateneo - UPO

Qualitative analysis of inorganic substances. Identification of cations and anions of inorganic pharmaceutical substances reported in Farmacopeia.
Quantitative analysis. Volumetric analysis. Titrant standard solutions. Chemical reactions of titrations. Titration curves. Indicators.
Acid-base titrations.
Precipitometric titrations.
Redox titrations.
Complexometric titrations.

Laboratory exercitations on qualitative and quantitative analysis

* A.Araneo “Chimica analitica qualitativa” Casa editrice Ambrosiana. Milano
* E. Abignente, D. Melisi, M.G. Rimoli, “Principi diAnalisi quantitativa dei medicinali”, Loghìa.
* D. S. Hage, J. D. Carr, “Chimica analitica e analisi quantitativa”, Casa Editrice Piccin, edizione italiana
* Vogel, “ Analisi chimica quantitativa”, Casa Editrice Ambrosiana
* D.C. Harris, “Chimica Analitica Quantitativa”, Zanichelli.
* Skoog and West, “Chimica Analitica”, EdiSES
* F.Savelli-O. Bruno, “Analisi chimico farmaceutica”, Casa editrice Piccin Padova
* D.L. Pavia, G.M. Lampman, G.S. Kriz, “Il laboratorio di chimica organica”, Edizioni Sorbona Milano
* European Pharmacopoeia, 10 th edition

The formative path of the first part is learning how to perform qualitative analysis of inorganic drugs following the Italian and European Farmacopeia.
The formative path of the second part of this course leads to the ability of understanding and mastering the dosing methods within Italian and European Pharmacopoeias, from the choice of the method to the assessment of operating conditions, from sample preparation and measurement execution to result evaluation.

The students need basic knowledge from the courses of General and Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry and medicinal analysis

Lessons and laboratory esercitazions

Qualitative part: in itinere written test at the end of the laboratory and evaluation of lab activities (11 points). Quantitative part: written examination (20 points) and evaluation of lab activities (2 points).
The results will be the sum of the single evaluation (max 33/30 points, corresponding to 30 L)

Qualitative chemical analysis: sampling and homogenization of compounds; preliminary examination: physical state, color, odor; determination of inorganic, organic and metalorganic nature of the compounds by ignition test; dry test (flame test )
Qualitative chemical analysis of inorganic compounds:
- solubility, determination of pH,
- wet test: identification of cations (NH4+, Al+++, Ag+, Bi+++, Ca++, Li+, Mg++, K+, Na+, Zn++) and anions (CO3- -, HCO3 -, Cl -, PO4- - -, I -, NO3 -, SO4- - , BO3- - -, F -, S2O3- -) contained in inorganic drugs, adopting methods of identification described in the European Pharmacopoeia.
Quantitative analysis. Volumetric analysis. Titrant standard solutions. Chemical reactions of titrations. Indicators.
Acid-base titrations Titration curves. Reagents used in acidimetry (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) and primary standards (Na2CO3 and KHCO3). Reagents used in alkalimetry (KOH, NaOH, Ba (OH)2 and primary standardsd. Drugs quantitative determination by acid-base titration: acetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, tartaric acid, ammonia. Exercises on the acid-base titrations
Precipitometric titrations. Titration curves. Use of chromatic indicators for the determination of the end point. Mohr, Vohlard, Fajans methods. Drugs quantitative determination by titration precipitometriche: sodium chloride
.Exercises on titration precipitometriche.
Redox titrations. Titration curves. Redox indicators. Permanganometry: standard KMnO4 solutions, preparation, stability, standardization; Analytical reactions of KMnO4. Iodimetric methods: preparaziome of I2 and standardization solution. Iodometric methods: use of a starch solution as an indicator. Drugs quantitative determination by redox titration: H2O2, Sodium hypochlorite
Exercises on redox titrations.
Complexometric titrations Titration curves. Titration techniques: direct, return and displacement. Metallochromic indicators. Determination of Ca ++ and Mg ++ in waters.
Exercises on complexometric titrations.

Laboratory experiences on qualitative and quantitative analysis

Knowledge and understanding of the analytical methods applicable to qualitative or quantitative analysis.
Ability to apply such knowledge and skills in the analysis of drugs present in the Pharmacopoeia