Ateneo - UPO

Basic of cell organization. The main animal tissues. anatomy and function of the organs. Principles of development biology. Identification of tissues and organs. Cell differentiation: cases and principles.

Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Concetti ed esperimenti, Karp, EdiSES
Elementi di Biologia cellulare, Wolfe et al., EdiSES
Fondamenti di Biologia, Solomon et al., EdiSES
Biologia molecolare della cellula, Alberts et al., Zanichelli
Istologia e Anatomia Microscopica, Wheater, CEA
Istologia funzionale, Kerr, CEA
Istologia ed Elementi di Anatomia Microscopica, Dalle Donne et al., EdiSES
Elementi di Anatomia, Istologia e Fisiologia dell'uomo, Martini – Bartholomew, EdiSES
Anatomia comparata dei Vertebrati, Liem et al., EdiSES
Citologia e Istologia Bottone M. G. | Biggiogera M.
UTET

The aim of the course is to fix knowledge on the structure and organization of the cell in the contexts of different human tissues and cellular phenotypes. Moreover, the course will investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of body axes in model organisms and in cell differentiation.

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Lectures

Discussion of topics during lessons. The course is supported in the DIR section by material for use by the student

The examination is composed only by a written test. The written test assesses the student's ability to apply the knowledge acquired during the course and consists of three types of questions:
A) quiz questions
B) open-ended questions
C) histological tissues identification
The level of difficulty of the questions corresponds to the program carried out and to the reference texts indicated on DIR. For each of the questions, 1 point is assigned for questions A, up to 4 points for questions B, and up to 2 points for questions C; the written test is considered sufficient if the overall evaluation is not less than 18 points.
During the written test it is not allowed to look up notes, books or other material.
To achieve a high grade, the student have to demonstrate an autonomy of opinion and a critical thinking of the topics, expressing their conclusions in a clear and logical way.
Maximum grade of evaluation is 30 (minimum grade 18).

-Introduction to biology,
- Macromolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
-Overview of cellular compartments
-Cell membrane: structure and components
- Cellular transport
-The nucleus and nucleolus: structure and function
-Cell cycle and mitosis: phases and regulation
- From DNA to proteins: duplication, transcription, translation,
-Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus: structure and function
-Lysosome: structure and function
-Peroxisome: structure and function
-Mitochondrium: structure and function
-Cytoskeleton: structure and function of Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate Filaments
-Extracellular matrix and matrix-cell interactions
-Cell Signaling
- Cell death mechanisms: apoptosis and necrosis
-Techniques of preparation of a histological sample and Introduction to microscopy
- Tegumentary system.
- Sense organs: general and specific sensibility.
- Bone tissue.
- Muscle tissue
-Cardiocirculatory system.
- Respiratory system.
-Digestive system.
- Urinary system
-Endocrine system
- Nervous tissue and nervous system
-Introduction to developmental biology
-Gametogenesis
-Fertilization
-Segmentation
-Gastrulation
-Neurulation

Acquisition of in-depth knowledge on in the fields of cell biology, tissue biology and development biology. Knowledge of the concepts and applications of cell biology, acquisition of appropriate scientific language.

At the end of the course the student will be able to recognize biological macromolecules, recognize cellular and tissue structures, localize biological macromolecule production processes, associate cellular structures and functions, reconstruct cellular transport and communication processes, recognize the various stages of embryonic development and cell differentiation, to classify tissues according to their characteristics.

Ability to critically analyze elements related to cell biology, independent judgment in the field of cell and tissue biology.
Communication skills:
use an appropriate scientific lexicon, describe scientific topics related to cellular and developmental biology, with a logical and rational approach.
Learning ability:
Ability to use the educational material for a critical and reasoned study.