Ateneo - UPO

History of respiratory disease and impact of risk factors
Knowledge on both diagnosis and clinical presentation of the most common diseases of the respiratory system.
Within this course of respiratory diseases, the fundamental principles of pathophysiology of individual respiratory diseases will be particularly emphasized.

For the Respiratory Medicine, the student must have basic knowledge about the following topics:
1) Diagnostic tests and specific lung function tests
2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: bronchial asthma and COPD (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation)
3) Respiratory infections (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation)
4) Pulmonary tuberculosis (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation) and Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation
5) Pneumonia(definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation)
6) Sars-CoV- 2 Interstitial Pneumonia (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation: respiratory failure, comorbidities)
7) Pleural diseases (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation)
8) Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (definition, etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation)
9) Infiltrative diseases of the lung (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation)
10) Idiophatic Pulmonary Fibrosis (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical presentation)
11) Respiratory failure and ARDS (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, classification, clinical presentation)
12)Pulmonary involment in autoimmune systemic diseases (definition, etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation)
13)Sleep respiratory disorders (definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, classification, clinical presentation)

Textbook of Respiratory Diseases 2017 : Clini EM – Pelaia G - EdiSES

To understand the influence of the most important groups of diseases affecting the respiratory systemt andthose factors which are likely to determine them.
To recognize the clinical signs and symptoms which characterise diseases and individual’s respiratory health status to submit to the attention of the specialist in respiratory medicine.
To be aware of the clinical importance and attention to the respiratory symptoms and to drive the individual’s skill in the most commonly reported pathological conditions in the field of respiratory medicine.
Start the student towards knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the functional alterations characteristic of the diseases affecting the respiratory system and the understanding of the mechanisms that, starting from the pathophysiological alterations, cause the appearance of the characteristic clinical picture of the individual respiratory pathologies.
Stimulating the process of critical linking of the clinical elements common to different respiratory pathologies, their recognition, their interrelations, as well as the clinical deepening of those differences and differences that distinguish the different morbid processes and form the basis of the differential diagnosis method.

Fair knowlege of anatomy and pathophysiology. The student should be able to collect a personal history, to perform the patient's examination and to identify health abnormalities. The student should be know the usual laboratory and instrumental methods and to have a basic knowledge of epidemiology.

The course consists of:
lectures and presentation of clinical cases at the end of the lesson that serve to provide the student with a practical example of the main characteristics of the individual respiratory diseases.

Specific insights are planned through interviews with individual students or small groups.
Usually a pre-test is performed in the classroom at least10 questions at the end of the cycle of lectures to verify the degree of theoretical learning.
Optional teaching seminars will be planned

Multiple choice quiz composed of 20 questions with 5 possible answers, of which only 1 correct.
The correct answers must correspond to at least 60%.

Pulmonary physiopathology
• Structure and function of the respiratory system
• Physiopathology of the respiratory system

Bacterial diseases of the airways
• Pneumonia
• Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Sars-CoV-2 Interstitial Pneumonia
• Definition
• Etiology
• Pathogenesis and pathophysiology
• Diagnosis
• Multi-organ complications

Tuberculosis
• Introduction
• Epidemiology
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: transmission and risk factors
• Immune response mechanisms in tuberculosis
• Natural history of tuberculosis infection
• Latent tuberculosis infection
• Pulmonary tuberculosis

Mycobacteria atypical not TB
• Definition
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical manifestations
• Diagnosis
• IRENE Registry

Pleurisy and pneumothorax
• Introduction
• Pleurisy
• Pneumothorax

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Definition, epidemiology and general concepts
• Pathogenesis
• Diagnosis and evaluation of severity
• Associated diseases and comorbidities

Bronchial asthma
• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Natural history of asthma
• Etiology
• Pathogenesis and pathophysiology
• Diagnosis
• Asthma control, monitoring and assessment of severity
• Special aspects

Diffuse infiltrative diseases of the lung
• Definition and classification
• Epidemiology
• Etiology and risk factors
• Pathological anatomy
• Physiopathology
• Clinical manifestations
• Diagnosis
• Diseases of professional origin

Sarcoidosis
• Introduction
• Epidemiology
• Histology
• Clinical manifestations
• Diagnostic approach

Pulmonary involvement in autoimmune systemic diseases
• Introduction
• Reasons for pulmonary involvement in autoimmune systemic diseases
• Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis
• Pulmonary involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis
• Pulmonary involvement in lupus erythematosus
• Pulmonary involvement in poly and dermatomyositis

Pulmonary hypertension
• Definition
• Classification
• Epidemiology and risk factors
• Anatomo-pathological pictures
• Pathogenesis
• Physiopathology
• Clinic
• Diagnosis
• Prognosis
• Principles of Treatment

Acute respiratory failure
• Introduction
• Epidemiological aspects
• Etiopathogenesis and diagnosis
• Symptoms
• Evaluation of severity Instrumental and differential diagnostics
• Prognosis

Chronic respiratory failure
• Definition
• Diagnosis
• Physiopathology
• Clinical manifestations

Respiratory sleep disorders
• Introduction
• Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)
• Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)
• COPD associated with OSAS

Knowledge: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and prognostic aspects of the main respiratory diseases.
Compentence: ability to develop a clinical reasoning in an effective and efficient way, using the knowledge related to pathogenetic mechanisms and indications for diagnostic procedures.
Skills: to be able to present the clinical problems of a patient suffering from respiratory pathology in a clear and consequential manner and to be able to correctly interpret the main respiratory function tests