Ateneo - UPO

Hygiene
THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN ITALY
ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH NEEDS OF A POPULATION
RISK ANALYSIS
PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PROPHYLAXIS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS FOR HEALTH
NUTRITIONAL HEALTH
HOSPITAL INFECTIONS
Healthcare organization
Corporate organization and business system.
The essential characteristics of the organizational structure.
Operating systems.
Human resources management.
The national health system: responsibility, organization and management of personnel
EBM
Introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), with particular attention to statistical aspects and study design
Biomedical databases of scientific literature.
Search strategies for biomedical databases.
Characteristics, opportunities and limits of the Guidelines.
Critical evaluation of the quality of scientific articles and Guidelines.

Lesson’s slides and other material provided by teachers. Consultation of the following books:
Bonanni, Bonaccorsi, Maciocco. Manuale di igiene e sanità pubblica. Carocci, 2021
Faggiano, Donato, Barbone (curatori). Manuale di epidemiologia per la Sanità pubblica. Centro Scientifico Editore, 2005

Wilkinson R, Marmot M. et al. Social determinants of health: the solid facts. 2nd edition. WHO Europe 2003. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdf
Rebora G. Scienza dell'organizzazione. Il design di strutture, processi e ruoli, Carocci, 2017
Maggi G. Sistema di Controllo di Gestione nelle Aziende Sanitarie, Giuffrè, 2003
Straus S, Glasziou P, Richardson WS, Haynes RB. Evidence-Based Medicine. 4th Edition. How to Practice and Teach It. Churchill Livingstone, 2010

- Assess the health needs of a population.
- Measure the health risks to which the population being treated is exposed
- Choose prevention interventions based on scientific evidence of effectiveness
- Choose the responses to be given to the needs of patients based on scientific evidence
- Read a scientific article and decide the applicability of the results presented
- Recognize one's position within the healthcare organization

Basic knowledge of descriptive and inferential statistics, passing the exam in Quantitative Sciences. Advanced reading and comprehension skills in English

Lectures, plenary discussions, critical reading of scientific articles
Some course contents will be conveyed through reading of texts and discussions

The course is associated with the internship of "Field Medicine"

Multiple choice quizzes based on the presentation of mini cases,
Group work and written test with 2 open questions on group work
Reading and interpretation of a scientific article

PUBLIC HEALTH CONTEXT
- influence of demographic and economic evolution on health and public health;
- role of ethics, industry and citizens;
- influence of technological evolution.
HEALTH NEEDS ANALYSIS
- epidemiological health indicators: incidence, prevalence, YPLL, YLD, DALY;
- research methodologies for the assessment of needs: the prevalence study;
- The Global Burden of Diseases;
- priorities and trends of health in Italy.
RISK ANALYSIS
- indicators of association in etiological epidemiology: RR, OR etc;
- indicators of Attributable Risk: RA, QA and NNT;
- the main FdR for non-communicable diseases and trends;
- the distal and proximal determinants of health;
- social inequalities in health;
- the definition of health priorities of a population;
PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS
- natural history of a health problem and possible interventions;
- primary and secondary prevention; universal, selective and indicated prevention;
- determinants of human behavior and supporting theories;
- the complexity of interventions on human behavior;
- the evaluation of prevention interventions;
- main effective primary prevention interventions;
- secondary prevention;
- indicators of validity of a diagnostic and screening test;
- length bias, lead-time bias, overdiagnosis;
- characteristics and indication of guidelines for the main oncological screenings;
- hygiene and prophylaxis of infectious diseases;
- epidemiology of infectious diseases;
- hospital infections;
- vaccinations and vaccination plan.
- Organizational theory
- Organizational structures
- Challenges of organizational design
- Organizational culture
- Organizational change
- Human Resources Management
- The national health system: responsibility, organization and personnel management
- Evidence Based Medicine and Evidence Based Practice.
- Systematic literature reviews, Guidelines, Point of Care summaries; other evidence synthesis tools.
- Sources of scientific evidence.
Biomedical literature databases (Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, Cochrane).
- Checklists for the evaluation of the quality of primary studies, literature reviews (CASP) and Guidelines (AGREE).
- Characteristics of experimental clinical studies.
- Between-patient and within-patient study designs
- Randomization methods, Sample size, Systematic errors, Measures of association and impact
- Basis of survival analysis
- Evaluation of study quality
- Meta-analyses:
- Data collection
- Statistical analysis, fixed and random effects models, evaluation of heterogeneity between studies
- Sensitivity analysis

- discuss the main characteristics of the Italian Health System;
- identify the main health problems of the Italian population;
- identify the main risks of the Italian population;
- read a report on the health status of the population;
- read a scientific report, a systematic review and a guideline
- identify effective interventions to respond to the main health problems of the population;
- participate in a scientific research