Ateneo - UPO

The main focus of the course of Physiology I is to achieve the knowledge of principles at basis of functional activity of various organs (cardiovascular, renal system and digestive system). As optional, the course aims to clarify the physiological basis of diagnostic procedures used in clinics and of experimental techniques adopted in the basic and applied medical research. With regard to applied aspects, acid-base disorders and disorders of the heart's electrical and mechanical activity are briefly discussed. Methods for measuring cardiac output are also briefly discussed, with particular attention to some applied aspects.

Fisiologia Umana a cura F. Grassi, D. Negrini e CA Porro, Poletto Editore

The educational objectives are addressed to the knowledge of principles governing the functional activity of various organs and apparatus. They are also aimed at promoting the integration between basic sciences and the clinical approach. Particular attention is paid to the "gender medicine". Educational objectives: 1) knowledge and comprehension of physiologic mechanisms regulating gastrointestinal secretion, absorption and motility. Physiologic liver function. Physiopathologic aspects of gastrointestinal physiology and practic applications of basic physiologic notions, with referrals to the clinic. 2) Knowledge and comprehension of mechanisms regulating renal filtration, reabsorption and secretion, of renal clearances and of the role of kidney in acide-base balance. Clinical applications of basic physiologic notions, with particular attention to the alterazions of the acid-base balance. 3) Knowledge and understanding of the physiological basis of cardiovascular system function. Properties of the myocardium. Role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating myocardial properties. Cardiac cycle. Heart sounds. Stroke and cardiac output and their regulation. Heterometric and homeometric regulation of contraction force. Blood pressure: determinants and regulation. Cardiac work and performance. Principles of hemodynamics. Local blood flows. ECG. Blood and coagulation 3) Practical applications of main principles regarding kidney, digestive and cardiovascular system physiology. In particular, the student is expected to have acquired independent judgment and adequate communication skills relating to the principles of Physiology.

Students should be in possession of basic knowledge of Anatomy, Istology, Physics, Chemistry and Biochemistry.

Power point and DIR are used to present the frontal lessons and to upload the power point files and interactive videos. In this regard, particular attention is paid to language to support students with disabilities, with Specific Learning Disorders (DSA), with Special Educational Needs (BES). Use of simulators for the practical applications of renal and cardiovascular system physiology. The effectiveness of the teaching method is evaluated through the organization of verification sessions concerning the topics covered in class.

The course is organized into a part focused on the arguments related to the renal, cardiovascular and digestive Physiology and a part focused on the practical aspects of the physiological issues. Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via reference office consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-students-physical-or-learning-disabilities. Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

Students will have an oral exam about Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology. The student should prove to have acquired basic notions of Physiology learned during frontal lessons, seminars and exercitations. The achievement of the educational objectives will be assessed with particular reference to autonomy of judgment, communication skills and learning skills. The acquisitions of the basic principles relating to the physiology of the various systems will be considered for the purpose of achieving sufficiency. Excellence can be achieved by the student who will demonstrate to create links with clinical aspects and who will demonstrate to know in detail the signaling pathways and the mechanisms underlying the principles of Physiology.

Cardiovascular system. Properties of the myocardium. Cardiac cycle. Heart tones. Systolic ejection and cardiac output. Mechanical factors of arterial pressure. Workout of the heart. Electrocardiogram and its applications in disorders of the conduction and rhythm. Principles of hemodynamics. Blood pressure. Regulation of the functionality of the cardiovascular system. Capillary circulation. Pulmonary circulation. Coronary circulation. Circulation in the peripheral cerebral, muscular, cutaneous and splanchnic districts. Blood and coagulation Gastrointestinal system. Gastrointestinal secretions. Gastronitestinal motility. Digestion and absorbption. Physiology of liver. Physiology of the kidney. Anatomic pics. Intrinsic and extrinsic renal blood fllow regulation. Glomerular filtration. Mechanisms of riabsorbption and secretion. Renal clearances. Tubular riabsorption of water and solutes. Urine concentration. Acid-base balance: main buffers; physiopatology pics;role of the kidney in the regulation of acid-base balance. Practical applications of main principles regarding kidney and cardiovascular system physiology. “Integrating the gender dimension”: the role of hormones in regulating cardiovascular functions,

The student should: (KNOWLEDGE) -be aware of physiologic mechanisms that regulate the function of various organs (COMPETENCE) -use the knowledge for solving the quiz of applied physiology and to face physiopathological aspects (TRANSVERSAL ABILITY) -to be able to read, understand and discuss technical material taken from books, other tests etc; -to know or find out the internationl terminology. For the achievement of an advanced level, the student must demonstrate to be able to know the intracellular mechanisms underlying the notions of Physiology and hypothesize clinical applications.