Ateneo - UPO

This course (60 hours, 12 ECTS) combines the study of Italian lexicography and the study of pragmatics from a historical perspective. More precisely, it is dedicated to the history of Italian lexicography and to the lexicographic projects that the Accademia della Crusca is carrying on., and, moreover, deals with the construction of dialogic interaction from a diachronic perspective and with pragmatic phenomena and changes from a diachronic point of view.

Textbooks for the integrated course are as follows: Italian Linguistics II Level 1. V. DELLA VALLE, Dizionari italiani: storia, tipi, struttura, Roma, Carocci, 2024. 2. C. MARAZZINI, L’ordine delle parole. Storia di vocabolari italiani, Bologna, il Mulino, 2009 (capp. III-VIII). 3. M. APRILE, Dalle parole ai dizionari, III ed., Bologna, il Mulino, 2015 (capp. IV-VII e IX-XI). 4. Ppt, texts, electronic dictionaries archived in DIR. Students who cannot attend the course for various reasons must also add to the above exam bibliography: 5. R. MERIDA, Il salvagente dell’italiano. Dizionari, grammatiche, servizi di consulenza ecc., Firenze, Cesati, 2023. Advanced Historical Linguistics (1) Slides and all the other material uploaded on DIR. (2) Chiara Fedriani e Maria Napoli, Pragmatica storica dell’italiano: ieri, oggi, domani. In Studi e Saggi Linguistici LXIII, 2, 2025 [available on DIR] (3) Andrea Sansò, I segnali discorsivi, Carocci, Roma, 2020: only chapter 2 (Come nascono e si sviluppano i segnali discorsivi). (4) For students who do attend the course: 2 papers to be chosen among those that will be made available on DIR. For students who do not attend the course: 3 papers to be chosen among those that will be made available on DIR. (5) Chiara Fedriani and Maria Napoli. 2020. Se insegnare la legge di Grimm ti fa sentire un brontosauro. Un esperimento per una didattica partecipata. In: A. Sansò (ed.), Insegnare linguistica: basi epistemologiche, metodi, applicazioni, Atti del LIII Congresso della Società di Linguistica Italiana, Università dell’Insubria, 19-21 settembre 2019. Officina 21, Milano: pp. 131-146 (https://www.societadilinguisticaitaliana.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/009_Fedriani_Napoli_Atti_SLI_LIII_Insubria.pdf). (6) Filippo Domaneschi, Introduzione alla Pragmatica, Carocci, Roma, 2014 [as an introductory reference manual].

The basic aim of this course is to bring students: (i) to acquire good knowledge on the history of the Italian Lexicography, in order to be able to use different types of dictionaries and lexicographic electronic tools and to use them when teaching the Italian language; to deepen knowledge of the theoretical and methodological tools to analyze language use in different historical stages from an interactional perspective, in order to understand the way in which languages change is pragmatically influenced. A further, more advanced, aim is to develop students’ ability of applying theoretical and methodological principles to the analysis of electronic tools and empirical data. Finally, didactic methods for teaching Historical and General Linguistics will be dealt with (for the course of Advanced Historical Linguistics), taking the topics examined during the course as a starting point.

Students who have not acquired 12 credits in History of the Italian language (L-FIL-LET/12) in their previous career are advised to study as well C. MARAZZINI, La lingua italiana. Storia, testi, strumenti, Bologna, il Mulino, 2015 (chapters 12-21). Students should have basic knowledge of general linguistics and historical linguistics. Those who have never taken an examination in general linguistics and/or historical linguistics must contact the teacher of the course in Advanced Historical Linguistics for a syllabus supplement, consisting of an introductory textbook for each domain. Fulfillment of these requirements will be preliminarily assessed during the examination.

Lectures in the classroom, in the library, in the computer room, and “Web didactic” (DIR). In the course of the lectures, the active involvement of students through exercises and discussion and presentation of linguistic data and case studies.

Students with physical disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-students-physical-or-learning-disabilities Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects. Italian Linguistics II level The investigation of the possible didactic use of dictionaries and electronic tools will be part of the program of the lessons, obviously focused on the teaching of the Italian language and on its history. Advanced Historical Linguistics Since the course is conceived of as a seminar, attendance is strongly recommended.

The overall evaluation will take the final grades of the two individual exams into account and will be based on the assessment of the whole degree of insightfulness of knowledge, of the degree of autonomy in applying it and of the communicative skills, consistently with the mission and intended learning objectives. Italian Linguistics II level Oral exam on the books listed in the bibliography. The exam lasts 20 minutes. Students will be asked to answer four or five questions structured as follows in order to value the achievement of the above objectives: - Three or four questions on the history of the Italian lexicography and on the dictionaries listed in the program of the exam. Value 60% (= basic level). - One question on electronic dictionaries, on Internet tools for lexicographers, on new lexicographic projects of the Accademia della Crusca, on didactic strategies for teaching ancient and modern Italian trough dictionaries. Value 20% (= advanced level). - The oral presentation and the dialectical conversation with the teacher will be assessed. Value 20%. Advanced Historical Linguistics The final exam consists of an oral examination lasting approximately 30 minutes, aimed at verifying the acquisition of knowledge and understanding of the relevant topics (those included in the objectives and the expected learning outcomes) and the use of appropriate scientific terminology through a 3-section structure: Sect. 1 = questions on fundamental issues concerning historical pragmatics, with a focus on the different pragmatic phenomena analyzed; Sect. 2 = discussion of data on which to test both the theoretical and methodological knowledge acquired and the ability of applying it empirically (mainly on the basis of the material examined during the course and put on DIR); Sect. 3 = didactic methodologies for teaching linguistics. The final evaluation will be based on the following criteria: use of appropriate scientific terminology = 10%; answers to questions from Section 1 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 2 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 3 = 10%. The exam will be passed successfully if the final grade is equal to or higher than 18/30. To achieve 18/30, students must be familiar with the main issues relating to the investigation of languages from a historical-pragmatic perspective and be able to analyze relevant linguistic data at least at a basic level. To obtain a higher mark, students must demonstrate autonomy of judgment, consistent argumentation and depth of analysis. Exams may be passed with a full grade (30/30) “cum laude” in the case of high accuracy in all answers.

Italian Linguistics II level 1. What is a dictionary? Which is the difference between the word “dictionary” and “vocabulary”? Different type of dictionaries for different aims. 2. Voice structure in monolingual vocabulary. 3. Electronic dictionaries, online dictionaries and paper dictionaries. 4. General dictionaries published in the XX century: VOLIT, GRADIT, De Mauro by Paravia editor and DIB, Zingarelli, DISC, Devoto-Oli, Garzanti, Treccani. 5. The Accademia della Crusca and the Italian lexicography in the XVII century. Continuity and innovation: Alberti di Villanova Illuminist lexicographer. 6. The XIX century. The Crusca’s model in the first half of the century and suggestions of correction to the Vocabolario. The “Crusca veronese” by Antioni Cesari. The “Proposta” by Vincenzo Monti. The Tramater. The fifth edition of the Vocabolario degli Accademici della Crusca. The Tommaseo-Bellini. The Giorgini-Broglio. The Rigutini-Fanfani. The Petrocchi. 7. Synonym dictionaries from the XIX century to the present days: how a dictionary can change its structure. 8. The XX century. The “Dizionario moderno” by Alfredo Panzini and other dictionaries of neologisms (from the XIX century to the present days). 9. Dictionaries by the Accademia d’Italia. The first Dizionario aereo italiano by F.T. Marinetti. 10. The DOP by Migliorini, Tagliavini e Fiorelli (pronunciation dictionary). 11. Historical dictionaries: GDLI and TLIO. 12. Etymological dictionaries: DEI, DELI, LEI, Dizionario storico-etimologico Treccani. 13. “Dizionari di famiglie di parole”: DIR and RIF. 14. Web resources for Italian Linguistics and Lexicographers. 15. Lexicographical projects carried on by the Accademia della Crusca. Methods for collecting backdated words. Advanced Historical Linguistics Part I, Introduction to pragmatics and historical pragmatics Unit 1. Basic pragmatic notions: context, speech acts, the cooperative principle and conversational maxims. Unit 2. From pragmatics to historical pragmatics: objects, methods, and challenges. Part II, Data analysis Unit 3. Analysis of case studies related to pragmatic phenomena from a historical perspective, such as speech acts and (im)politeness, deixis, discourse markers, and changes that may have affected them. Unit 4. Pragmatic analysis of literary texts through the DIADIta corpus. Unit 5. Gender mainstreaming: ‘feminine’ speech acts? Unit 6. Didactic methods for teaching historical linguistics.

To achieve a basic level of knowledge and skills students are required to show what follows: good knowledge on the history of the Italian Lexicography; knowledge and understanding of the theoretical-methodological issues and main aspects related to the pragmatic analysis of languages from a historical perspective; showing argumentative skills also in the use of the appropriate terminology and making evaluative judgments. In order to achieve a more advanced level, students are required to show what follows: (i) to use appropriately tools for educational purposes: electronic dictionaries, online databases; (ii) to be able to apply knowledge and understanding showing solid independence of interpretation, evaluation and judgment in the analysis of the relationship between different pragmatic phenomena, structural linguistic elements, contextual effects and of pragmatic changes; (iii) to develop communicative skills at a high level, in order to use exclusively appropriate scientific terminology and to provide a well structured and consistent account of relevant topics.