Ateneo - UPO

Clinical examination of patients affected by maxillofacial diseases. Maxillofacial trauma. Odontogenic infections. Dentoalveolar surgery. Odontogenic cysts. Odontogenic tumors. OSAS. Head and neck cancer. Reconstructive surgery following head and neck cancer resection. Cleft lip and palate. Craniofacial malformations. Preprosthetic surgery. Implant dentistry. Orthognatic surgery.

Trattato di patologia chirurgica maxillo-facciale; SICMF Società Italiana di Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale; Editore: Minerva Medica Edizione:2007

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - 3rd Edition - 3-Volume Set; Autori: Raymond Fonseca; Editore: Elsevier – Saunders; Anno: 2017

Orthognathic Surgery : Principles and Practice - 2 Volume Set; Autori: Jeffrey Posnick; Editore: Elsevier – Saunders; Anno: 2013 /2014

Diapositive/dispense a cura del Docente.

Acquisition of the basic notions and adequate knowledge of the most frequent pathologies of the maxillofacial district. Understand the semiotics in the maxillofacial field as well as the diagnostic-therapeutic pathways for maxillofacial pathologies on the basis of a reasoned and critical elaboration of the clinical, functional and diagnostic imaging findings. Show, on maxillofacial issues, learning skills such as to allow rational and effective clinical action

Students must have passed pathology examination. Furthermore, students must have an adequate knowledge of head and neck anatomy.

Frontal lessions, plus slides in the website Didattica in Rete UNIUPO.

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Written assessment. The exam aims to verify the level of knowledge and understanding of the course contents and to evaluate the autonomy of judgment, learning ability and communication ability. The student in particular must demonstrate that he has acquired sufficient clinical-diagnostic knowledge in the main maxillofacial pathologies and that he has developed clinical reasoning and differential diagnostic skills, with adequate clarity.

Maxillofacial semeiotics. Main signs and symptoms of neoplastic, traumatic, infectious and maxillofacial malformation pathologies.
odontogenic infections. Pathogenesis and ways of propagation of odontogenic infections. The stages of the infection. Airway compromise. Odontogenic infections and comorbidities. The medical and surgical treatment of odontogenic infections. The treatment of the dental elements in case of odontogenic infections. Complications of odontogenic infections: osteomyelitis, maxillary sinusitis, necrotizing fasciitis, mediastinitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis.
Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis (ONJ). Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and therapeutic uses. Risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging, medical and surgical treatment of ONJ.
Cystic neoformations of the jaws: etiopathogenesis, physiopathology, diagnosis, classification. Dentigerous/follicular cyst. Odontogenic keratocyst. Radicular cyst. Nasopalatine cyst. Aneurysmal cysts. Central giant cell granulomas. Staphne's cyst.
Odontogenic tumors: classification. Ameloblastoma: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Ameloblastic carcinoma. Odontoma. Myxoma.
Dental inclusions. Wisdom teeth: symptoms, diagnosis, indications and contraindications for extraction, imaging, classification, local anesthesia techniques, surgical extraction technique, elements of extraction difficulty. The included canine: diagnosis, indications for extraction, imaging, disengagement and traction, surgical extraction. Supernumeraries. Dental crowding.
Maxillofacial traumatology. Histology of bone. General information on fractures: types of fractures, pathological fractures, fracture mechanics, fracture healing and pseudoarthrosis.
Jaw fractures. Direct, indirect, complete, incomplete fractures. Subsites of mandibular fractures: paramedian, body, angle, condyle, ramus fractures. Masticatory musculature and its role in the dislocation of mandibular fractures. Diagnosis (medical history, physical examination, imaging), Treatment (conservative or surgical) of mandibular fractures. Non-surgical osteocontainment (braces, IMF screws, rigid or elastic intermaxillary block). Surgical osteosynthesis using plates and screws. Surgical approaches to mandibular fractures (intraoral, extraoral) and their indications. Diagnosis and treatment of atrophic mandible fractures.
Condyle fractures. Classification, etiology, symptoms and signs, clinical-instrumental diagnosis, imaging, functional therapy and surgical therapy. Surgical approaches to the condyle fracture. Indications and contraindications to condyle fracture surgery. Complications. Fractures of the condyle in childhood: peculiarities.
Fractures of the middle third. Anatomy of the middle third. Areas of greatest and least resistance. Classification of fractures of the middle third. Dentoalveolar fractures: classification, diagnosis and treatment. Sagittal fractures of the palate. Le Fort fractures: classification (I, II and III), symptomatology, clinical picture, diagnosis, imaging and treatment (in urgency and in election), surgical approaches.
Fractures of the orbitomaxillozygomatic complex (COMZ): classification, physical examination, imaging, treatment and surgical approaches. Orbital fractures: anatomy of the orbital muscles, classification (blow out and blow in), symptoms, diplopia, orthoptic evaluations, imaging, complications, treatment.
Fronto-naso-orbito-ethmoid (FNOE) fractures: classification, clinical picture, diagnosis, imaging, elective and emergency surgical treatment, surgical approaches, surgical techniques, repositioning of the cantus, complications.
Fronto-basal fractures: associated brain damage, associated fractures, classification and surgical treatment of anterior and posterior wall fractures of the frontal sinus, surgical techniques, CSF rhinorrhea (diagnosis and therapy), complications, correction of bone contour deformities.
OSAS (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome): epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, sleep endoscopy, maxillofacial evaluation, cephalometric analysis, treatment (CPAP, MAD, surgical treatment), oropharyngeal hypopharyngeal nasal surgery, bone skeleton surgery (various surgical techniques).
Malignant tumors of the oral cavity. Histopathological classification. Epidemiology. Risk factors. The precancerosis. Verrucous carcinoma (epidemiology, diagnosis, therapy). Squamous cell carcinoma: signs of onset, sites, histopathological aspects and criteria, growth and diffusion modalities, prognostic factors, contraindications to surgery, diagnostic procedures (imaging, fine needle aspiration), staging, classification of cervical lodges, surgical treatment based on site and staging, neck dissections, jaw approaches.
Craniomaxillofacial malformations. Embryology and fetal development. Craniostenosis: clinical pictures, treatment. Non-syndromic craniostenosis: scaphocephaly, plagiocephaly, brachycephaly, acrocephaly, trigonocephaly. Syndromic craniostenosis: Apert syndrome, Franceschetti syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome. Facial clefts: epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, classification, clinic, therapy. Osteodistraction.
Preprosthetic surgery and hints of dental implantology.
Orthodontic surgery. Class I, II and III dental occlusion. Dentofacial deformities: etiology, facial analysis, cephalometric examination, model simulation, maxillary surgery (Le Fort I osteotomy, segmentation), mandibular surgery (sagittal ramus osteotomy). Progenism: diagnosis and treatment. Micrognathia: diagnosis and treatment. Facial asymmetries: diagnosis and treatment.

Students will show to understand maxillofacial surgery diagnostic and therapeutic pathways.