Ateneo - UPO

The course aims to provide the students with general and specific notions on the most common symptoms and pathologies in the field of emergency/urgency to guide them on the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways that characterize the clinical activity of first aid and semi-intensive care. Particular attention is given to the method of clinical evaluation of the patient with identification of the patient's problems, determination of priorities and setting of a therapeutic diagnostic path based on a problem solving plan. These objectives assume a dominant role in the training activities, carried out both in the Emergency Department and the SIMNOVA simulation center, where the students are asked to participate in the discussion of simulated clinical cases, also with the use of dedicated software, and carry out practical exercises on specific invasive maneuvers, in order to learn the indications of several invasive maneuvers (thoracentesis, paracentesis, lumbar puncture), the effective communication to the patient in order to acquire informed consent, the maintenance of sterility and, through the use of special simulators, execution techniques.

Current emergency medicine diagnosis and treatment, Lange 8th ed Titinalli's Emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide McGraw-Hill, 9th ed

An emergency is commonly defined as any condition perceived by a technically trained person that requires immediate medical or surgical evaluation and treatment. Based on this definition, the American College of Emergency Physicians states that the practice of emergency/urgency medicine has the primary mission to evaluate, manage, and provide treatment for patients with unexpected illnesses and injuries. In this perspective, the awareness of time as a resource and as an element capable of hugely influencing the prognosis of various acute conditions (time-dependent pathologies) acquires particular importance. The objective of the module is to transmit the working method that applies to emergency, describe what a doctor must do if she/he is in emergency condition, illustrate the pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of the main rapidly evolving acute conditions. A further objective of the module is to teach a particular clinical approach which may not necessarily lead to a limited diagnosis but rather to a mental process aimed at managing a disease which threatens the life or integrity of the patient. In conclusion, the module aims to teach how to make treatment decisions based on a real-time evaluation of the medical history, objective findings, and the results of diagnostic investigations. In this path, the practical and exercise activities carried out at the simulation center (SIMNOVA) and at the Emergency Department (a total of three weeks of training are foreseen) are of great importance.

Having succeeded the following examinations: medical pathology I and II and special pharmacology.

Lectures (partly delivered remotely and made available in podcasts), discussion of interactive clinical cases, resolution of simulated clinical cases using "Body Interact" software. Practical exercises concerning invasive maneuvers with dedicated simulators (thoracentesis, paracentesis, lumbar puncture). All the teaching material of the course, supplementary and in-depth material and the recordings of the lessons made available in podcasts can be found on the appropriate space of the University Moodle platform (Ditattica in Rete - DIR).

Students with physical disabilities, Learning Disabilities or Special Education Needs can request specific services and tools via the Staff Sviluppo e Coordinamento Carriere e Servizi alle Studentesse e agli Studenti, consulting the University webpage: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/servicesstudents-physical-or-learning-disabilities Students with disabilities, learning disabilities or special education needs, once they have contacted the University Staff, can refer to the tutor in charge of the course to define the examination modalities, concerning academic aspects.

Written exam with multiple choice questions to be performed via computer interface using the DIR platform. The exam is always performed as a single quiz, including questions relating to the other modules of the Integrated Course.

1) Introduction to emergency medicine, triage and the emergency physician approach. 2) Acute dyspnea and respiratory failure: acute pulmonary edema, exacerbation of COPD, acute asthma, acute pulmonary embolism. 3) Shock, the cardiovascular triad, clinical pathophysiology of shock, hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, distributive shock (septic and anaphylactic) 4) Chest pain: STEMI and non-STEMI acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis, aortic dissection. 5) Abdominal pain: "surgical abdomen, non-surgical abdomen", occlusions and pseudo-occlusions; renal and hepatic colic. 6) The main toxidromes. 7) Syncope. 8) Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. 9) The ECG in emergency-urgency setting. 10) Peri arrest rhythms. 11) The ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. 12) Alterations of fluids and electrolytes and acid-base. 13) The apparently stable trauma patient in the Emergency Department. 14) The main endocrinological emergencies and urgencies.

We expect the students to know and understand the basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocol and how to activate the emergency system; we also expect him/her to know and understand the particularities of advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the peculiarities of the approach to the polytrauma patient. The student should come to know how and when to administer oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation. The student should know when to request the intervention of an intensivist . The students should also be able to gain more in-depth knowledge of basic neurological, respiratory and hemodynamic monitoring. We expect them to develop basic knowledge on acute and chronic pain. They will have to be able to recognize the problems related to the management and prevention of sepsis Finally, they will have to recognize and know how to treat all types of shock: hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive and cardiogenic.