The main contents of the course are the description of biological and molecular mechanisms, and of the role of biotechnologies in the diagnostic-therapeutic phase of the main endocrinological and metabolic diseases. Emerging biotechnological aspects of innovative drugs used in endocrinology and metabolism will also be described.

the course focuses on: 1) genesis of animal and human fertility 2) etiology of infertility 3) infertility therapy 4) role of the art laboratory

The course will deal with some of the main topics in Internal Medicine, particularly focusing on those with the highest applicability of medical biotechnologies

The general content of the course is the interplay between viruses and their host organisms

The course will investigate state-of-the-art applications of the biotechnology field to medicine will a focus on drug development. This course will provide students with a background in modern biotechnology techniques for work in the biotechnology field or further graduate studies.

The course is intended to provide the student the fundamental principles of pharmacology, including: - discovery, development, and approval process of new drugs; - principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics; - benefit-risk profile of drugs; - drug response variability. A focus will be then put on the rational bases for the development of target therapies. Lastly, examples of biotechnological drugs which have revolutionized the pharmacological landscape will be provided.

Please see what is described for each course

The course will investigate state-of-the-art applications of the biotechnology field to medicine will a focus on drug development. This course will provide students with a background in modern biotechnology techniques for work in the biotechnology field or further graduate studies.

The course aims to give students useful elements to understand the use of omics in forensic sciences and know the most suitable techniques for responding to medico-legal questions such as personal identification, the time of death, the causes of death.

Study of monogenic and multifactorial diseases. Analysis of genomic rearrangements and applications of sequencing techniques. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Human Genome. Transcriptomics Genomics and Methyloma study. The usefulness of Genomics in precision medicine

The course provides students with knowledge on the structure and function of microbial communities and in particular on the human gut microbiota. The main methodologies used in the study and analysis of the microbiota will be described

The course will provide an introduction to examples, concepts and instruments at the foundation of Big Data Analysis for bioinformatics and genomics, in the framework of human health and cancer in particular. Students will gain an introduction to the theory and practice of genomic and protein sequence databases along with tools for retrieving and interpreting functional and annotation data for the human genome. Basic knowledge on new generation sequencing and related bioinformatics data analysis tools will be introduced, focusing on transcriptomes and cancer genomics. Basics of the statistical language R will be discussed. In the final part, an introduction to the concepts of complex systems, network theory and system biology will be considered also through the discussion of research articles.

The course is aimed at providing essential information on the science of biomaterials and devices for tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine. The course includes notions of physics and chemistry and bioengineering as well as the fundamental notions for the development and characterization of engineered constructs for engineering and tissue regeneration

The course focuses on the opportunities that nanotechnologies offer in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, surface modifications of scaffolds and smart systems for release of active release systems of active agents are discussed

232 / 5.000 Risultati della traduzione The course is aimed at providing essential information on the science of biomaterials and devices for tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine. The course includes notions of physics and chemistry and bioengineering

Characteristics and potential of using advanced 3D tissue models for in vitro studies. Use of advanced platforms (bioreactors, organ-on-chip, 3D printing) for in vitro studies.

Functional human anatomy classes

- Brief summary of the different human tissues - General characteristic of stem cells - Description of stem cell types and localization - Description of methods for stem cell isolation, growth and maintenance in culture - Introduction to stem cell-based therapy in preclinical and clinical settings

In-depth description of the biological and genetic basic principles of mechanobiology and mechanotransduction for applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering

Overview of the basic immune mechanisms involved in tissue repair and regeneration approaches based on biomaterials and drug delivery systems the next generation of regenerative therapies

refer to MS0470 and MS0471

1. the epidemiologic relevance of Cancer; the influence of the environment and of the life style. 2. the main histopathologic characteristics of the tumours and their classification 3. the molecular alterations responsible for the malignant behaviour of tumour cells (loss of proliferative control; resistance to apoptosis; invasiveness; altered metabolism of glucose, aminoacids and fatty acids; altered proteome homeostasis); the role of autophagy and of cell death in cancer 4. the role of genetics and epigenetics in cancer development and progression; the genetic defects that predispose to cancer; genome (chromosomal translocation) alterations and gene mutations (oncogenes, oncosuppressors) associated with cancer 5. the origin and phenotypic characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells; the genetic and metabolic re-programming leading to cancer 6. the mechanisms of metastasis formation; the role of proteolytic enzymes 7. the inter-relationship between tumour cells and the tumour stroma, with particular regard to the role of cancer associated fibroblasts and of ruolo delle mutazioni genomiche, genetiche e epigenetiche; le alterazioni del metabolismo (glicidico, aminoacidico e lipidico) della cellula tumorale; le basi molecolari e metaboliche della cachessia neoplastica; nuovi approcci diagnostici e terapeutici. Il punteggio massimo è 30 + Laude / 30. NOTA: 1. il punteggio finale è concordato tra i due docenti dei moduli A e B, tenuto conto delle valutazioni complessive; 2. se solo uno dei due moduli (A o B) non è superato, lo studente deve ripetere l'esame per entrambi i moduli (A e B) in una nuova sessione. Per accedere all'esame lo studente deve aver compilato il form di valutazione del docente. Programma esteso Le malattie neoplastiche: definizioni e terminologia, classificazione e derivazione istogenetica. Epidemiologia. Eziologia multifattoriale. Fattori di rischio di natura chimica, fisica e biologica. Cancerogeni chimici. Radiazioni e tumori. Virus oncogeni. Storia naturale delle neoplasie. La cancerogenesi come processo multifasico. Ormoni nella cancerogenesi. Stile di vita (alimentazioni, obesità, abitudini voluttuarie) e cancro. Eventi genetici ed epigenetici nella cancerogenesi. STROMA E CANCRO. Ruolo del processo infiammatorio. Ipossia. Angiogenesi nelle neoplasie. Accrescimento infiltrativo/invasivo dei tumori maligni (adesione-motilità). Le metastasi (proteasi). Transizione epitelio-mesenchima. CANCRO E OSPITE La progressione neoplastica. Effetti sistemici del tumore sull’ospite: la cachessia neoplastica. Immunità e Cancro. ONCOLOGIA CELLULARE E MOLECOLARE Le Telomerasi e Cancro, MicroRNAs e Cancro, La Riparazione del DNA e Cancro. Determinanti molecolari della trasformazione neoplastica: oncogeni e geni oncosoppressori. METABOLISMO DELLA CELLULA NEOPLASTICA Alterazioni del metabolismo glicidico nelle cellule neoplastiche (l’effetto Warburg e la proliferazione cellulare). Alterazioni del turnover proteico: Ubiquitina, autofagia e cancro. CICLO CELLULARE – PROLIFERAZIONE – MORTE CELLULARE apoptosi, senescenza cellulare e ‘dormancy’ . La cellula staminale tumorale. Meccanismi di chemio resistenza Le terapie antineoplastiche:convenzionali, molecolari. Risultati di apprendimento attesi Conoscere le cause e i meccanismi di cancerogenesi e di progressione tumorale. Saper interpretare, discutere e presentare i risultati sperimentali di laboratorio o presenti in letteratura specificamente volti alla descrizione e comprensione della trasformazione neoplastica e del comportamento delle cellule tumorali. immune cells; 8. the molecular and patho-physiological mechanisms responsible for the cachexia syndrome. 9. the current techniques for Diagnosis (imaging, biomarkers) and the therapeutic treatments available (chemical chemotherapy, biomolecular therapy). 10. Novel therapeutic approach (epigenetics); novel paradigms for carcinogenesis (microbioma);

The course will deal with the molecular pathology of the main haematological malignancies, especially by analysing the topics relevant for the profession of Medical Biotechnologist. During the course, self-evaluation exercises will also be proposed, as well as additional material for in-depth study and group presentations on topics of particular interest.

the principle of Cell and Gene Therapy Stem cells Gene transfer by viral and non viral vectors

Review of general topics of Molecular Biology relevant to the understanding of the course. Chromatin Remodeling: Histone Modifications, DNA methylation Structural classes of transcription factors (Myc, Fos) Epigenetic definition: epigenetic diseases and epigenetic therapies. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. P53 function in normal and tumoral cells. MDM2 as an oncogene. pRb function. Heterogeneity of tumors, stochastic and hierarchical theories, properties of cancer stem cells, their isolation, asymmetric and symmetric divisions. Signaling Pathways activated in cancer stem cells, therapeutic implications of cancer stem cells. Reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotency by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) into oocytes. Fusion between somatic and pluripotent cells and ectopic expression of defined transcription factors. Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer (Dolly sheep). Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells); Yamanaka papers; reprogramming by transcription factors; causes of low reprogramming efficiency. Parallelisms between epigenetic reprogramming and cancer. Therapeutic use of iPS Cells and embryonic stem cells.

Human Genome Project. Structure and Evolution of the Human Genome. Methods of studying monogenic and multifactorial diseases. Analysis of genomic rearrangements by CGH array. Next Generation Sequencing Techniques (NGS). Genomic imprintig. Methods for studying epigenetic variations in the Human genome.

After a quick review of gene structure in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the issue of gene expression regulation will be presented. The first part of the course will deal with prokaryotes gene expression and its regulation. A series of examples will illustrate the possibility of engineering promoters and genes for biotechnological purposes. The second part of the course will deal with the eukaryotes gene expression system and the multiple levels of its regulation. Key issues: 1) chromatin organization and structure, 2) transcription factor structure and function, 3) pre-initiation complex assembly, 4) transcription termination, 5) RNA metabolism and stability, 6) RNA translation. The third part of the course will deal with the mechanisms by which extracellular signals and intracellular cues regulates gene expression in eukaryotes. A particular emphasis will be placed on the alterations of gene expression in cancer and on the regulation of gene expression in function of nutrients availability and the metabolic status of the cell. Basic molecular biochemical and biological techniques will also be presented with simulations.

The course aims to teach the molecular mechanisms of gene expression. To study coding RNA and long non-coding RNA molecules and their mechanisms in different biological cellular processes. Approaches to gene therapy based on RNA interference and the use of small molecules (siRNA and miRNA) to inhibit protein synthesis. Genome editing and application of CRISP-Cas9 technology to modify the genome and as a possible therapeutic approach for various diseases.

For the public health section, the course will be organized around the reading of articles reporting original research. In each class, one article will be read and the following will be discussed: methodological aspects, results, the impact that the results may have in practice. The course of statistics consists in a first part with topics related to descriptive statistics and in a second part that will concern the inferential statistics. In Innovation and Patents part specific topics include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) procedures and the applicable regulatory framework; differences and similarities between GMP facilities, cell factories, clean rooms, and the laws governing their activities; therapeutic procedures requiring a GMP facility; the Technical Director of a GMP facility and his or characteristics; innovative processes leading to drug development (GCP); the design and phases of clinical trials for n certification/accreditation of diagnostic laboratories and procedures for developing a diagnostic kit; internal and external quality controls; general criteria and applicable legislation for patent procedures; biobanking and the preservation of biological samples; and informed consent.

The course consists in a first part with topics related to descriptive statistics and in a second part that will concern the inferential statistics.

Specific topics covered include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) procedures and the applicable regulatory framework; differences and similarities between GMP facilities, cell factories, clean rooms, and the laws governing their activities; therapeutic procedures requiring a GMP facility; the Technical Director of a GMP facility and his or her characteristics; innovative processes leading to drug development (GCP); the design and phases of clinical trials for new drugs; certification/accreditation of diagnostic laboratories and procedures for developing a diagnostic kit; internal and external quality controls; general criteria and applicable legislation for patent procedures; biobanking and the preservation of biological samples; and informed consent.

The course will be organized around the reading of articles relating to research originals. In each lesson an article will be read and the following will be discussed: - the methodological aspects - the results - the impact that the results can have in practice The lesson will be organized according to the following schedule: - thematic introduction - reading article - guided discussion - summary lesson A non-exhaustive list of topics is as follows: - identification of the knowledge on which the work is based; - enucleation of the hypotheses and objectives of the research; - recognition of the research design - transversal - cohort - case-control - experimental - frequency measurements - association measures - statistical variability - bias, confounding Furthermore. - editorial process of scientific journals - peer review - the quality of scientific articles - extract databases (Medline, Cinhal etc)

The course will focus on the molecular pathology of the primary solid tumors in oncology, with a special emphasis on topics relevant to the field of Medical Biotechnology. Throughout the course, self-assessment activities will be provided, along with supplementary materials for further study and group presentations on topics of particular interest.

The course motivates the study of aging and its biomedical impact, then covers definitions and dimensions of aging, frailty, and resilience. Topics include: genome instability and cancer links; proteostasis, ER stress, and neurodegeneration; cellular senescence and the SASP; energy/nutrient-sensing pathways (mTOR, AMPK, IGF-1, sirtuins); intercellular communication and inflammaging; epigenetics and aging clocks; foundations and integration of omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) with a focus on cohort studies and preventive medicine.

The course, after a review of basic immunology and the explanation of the basic concepts of flow cytometry, addresses the concept of cellular diagnostics using the phenotypic characterization of cells (leukocytes), with an in-depth look at immunodeficiencies. Furthermore, the basic concepts on primary and secondary immunodeficiencies will be reviewed

The aims of the course are as follows: 1. To know the biology of hematopoietic stem cell and of hemopoiesis 2. To know the sources of hematopoietic stem cells, the biology of stem cell mobilization, and the procedures of processing hematopoietic stem cells 3. To know the physiology of autologous, allogeneic and cord blood stem cell transplantation 4. To know the pathogenesis of graft versus host disease 5. To know the biotechnological procedures applied to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HLA typing, monitoring of engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution, therapeutic manipulation and engineering of the graft)

Basic course on the biocompatibility of materials for biomedical use

The course displays the opportunities that biotechnologies offer for biomedical applications. The course focuses on the properties and potential applications of materials to the nano dimension in medicine.

The course describes different types of graft and graft rejection and their immunological mechanisms HLA typing and treatments are also briefly treated

For the public health section, the course will be organized around the reading of articles reporting original research. In each class, one article will be read and the following will be discussed: methodological aspects, results, the impact that the results may have in practice. The course of statistics consists in a first part with topics related to descriptive statistics and in a second part that will concern the inferential statistics. In Innovation and Patents part specific topics include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) procedures and the applicable regulatory framework; differences and similarities between GMP facilities, cell factories, clean rooms, and the laws governing their activities; therapeutic procedures requiring a GMP facility; the Technical Director of a GMP facility and his or characteristics; innovative processes leading to drug development (GCP); the design and phases of clinical trials for n certification/accreditation of diagnostic laboratories and procedures for developing a diagnostic kit; internal and external quality controls; general criteria and applicable legislation for patent procedures; biobanking and the preservation of biological samples; and informed consent.

Specific topics covered include: Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) procedures and the applicable regulatory framework; differences and similarities between GMP facilities, cell factories, clean rooms, and the laws governing their activities; therapeutic procedures requiring a GMP facility; the Technical Director of a GMP facility and his or her characteristics; innovative processes leading to drug development (GCP); the design and phases of clinical trials for new drugs; certification/accreditation of diagnostic laboratories and procedures for developing a diagnostic kit; internal and external quality controls; general criteria and applicable legislation for patent procedures; biobanking and the preservation of biological samples; and informed consent.

The course consists in a first part with topics related to descriptive statistics and in a second part that will concern the inferential statistics.

The course will be organized around the reading of articles relating to research originals. In each lesson an article will be read and the following will be discussed: - the methodological aspects - the results - the impact that the results can have in practice The lesson will be organized according to the following schedule: - thematic introduction - reading article - guided discussion - summary lesson A non-exhaustive list of topics is as follows: - identification of the knowledge on which the work is based; - enucleation of the hypotheses and objectives of the research; - recognition of the research design - transversal - cohort - case-control - experimental - frequency measurements - association measures - statistical variability - bias, confounding Furthermore. - editorial process of scientific journals - peer review - the quality of scientific articles - extract databases (Medline, Cinhal etc)

The course is focused on a comprehensive overview of the clinical utility of multi-omics in tumor classifications, prognostications, diagnostics, and the role of data integration in the search for novel biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities. Extensive analysis of the currently used classificators will be detailed.

The course will deal with the omics approach, with a particular focus on genomics, applied to representative models of haematological neoplasms, especially by analysing the topics relevant for the profession of Medical Biotechnologist. During the course, self-evaluation exercises will also be proposed, as well as additional material for in-depth study and group presentations on topics of particular interest.

The course, after a review of basic immunology and the explanation of the basic concepts of flow cytometry, addresses the topics of multiparametric cytometry, scRNA-seq and mass image analysis. Focusing the attention of the course on single cell analysis techniques through the use of different algorithms.

Synthetic biology is an emerging field that spans the boundary of biology, engineering, and physical sciences with its goal of engineering biomolecular systems and cellular capabilities for a variety of applications. This course aims to offer an introduction to this rapidly evolving field and equip students with foundational skills and critical mindsets that are required for synthetic biology research. Advanced molecular biology tools for DNA assembly, the construction of biological pathways and circuits, genome editing, and strategies for transcriptional control will be examined in the course.

The course will be held both in class and in the laboratory. The course includes the study and application of the most advanced proteomics and metabolomics techniques employed in biomedical and biotechnological fields. Skills on methodologies and tools used in chemical and biological laboratories, for solving biomedical and biotechnological problems will be provided. The potential and weaknesses of the various methods will be illustrated through examples on complex biological matrices. The latest technological developments will be also treated. Several proteomics and metabolomics experiment will be prepared, including mass spectrometry analysis, data elaboration and bioinformatics.

The integrated course addresses various topics related to functional tissue engineering with clinical references where possible.

The course presents a short overeview of the functional anatomy of some parts of the body and highlights the most recent regenerative approaches in functional tissue engineering.

Describe the basics of cell therapy as it is currently applied in clinical practice

The course aims to provide basic knowledge regarding the skin system with particular attention to the wound healing process, repair and tissue regeneration.