The examination is conducted orally (except for students with disabilities, DSA and BES for whom the University Staff requires the written form) and students enrolled in the first year may divide the program into two parts according to the following: part one, necessarily at the end of Semester I and in conjunction with the winter session appeals, on the syllabus taken in Semester I (the sources of Roman law; private process; negotiation acts; persons and family), with four questions on each of these subjects. In case you have successfully passed the first partial, you may take the second partial on the second part of the program, at the end of the II semester and necessarily in conjunction with the summer and fall session appeals, on the program carried out in the II semester (real rights and possession; bonds; donations and succession), with four questions on each of these subjects. There will be at least one question on the business law topics covered in class in the first or partial second. Unattended students will have to answer on the additional Petrucci text in Part II. Once students have successfully passed the second partial as well, the verbalization of the exam grade, given by the average of the grades achieved in the two partials, rounded up, will take place. The possibility of taking the two partials is limited exclusively to the first year, so students who do not show up to take the partials in the manner indicated will have to take the exam in full, on all parts of the program, each of which will be the subject of a specific question. GRADES 30, 30 and praise EXCELLENT: The student demonstrates a comprehensive and detailed knowledge of the subject matter, expounds in a clear and structured manner, with excellent ownership of language, and is able to adequately grasp the evolving contours of legal institutions. 28,29 OPTIMUM: The student demonstrates a thorough knowledge of the subject matter, expounds adequately-though with minor gaps and/or inaccuracies-employs correct terminology, and is able to place legal institutions in their historical context. 25-27 GOOD: The student demonstrates adequate knowledge of the subject, although he/she does not fully explain the relevant aspects, sometimes does not express him/herself precisely, sometimes is unable to grasp all the elements of the regime of legal institutions and to place them in their context. 22-24 DISCRETE: The student demonstrates acceptable knowledge of the subject matter, sometimes fails to organize the exposition in a structured and coherent manner, denotes gaps and/or inaccuracies of both terminology and content, and struggles to place the institutes in the context of reference. 18-21 SUFFICIENT: The student demonstrates limited knowledge of the subject matter, has present the basic contents of the discipline, but denotes even significant gaps, expresses himself in a confused and unclear manner, and is often unable to place the institutes in the context of reference. INSUFFICIENT: The student demonstrates completely inadequate knowledge of the subject, does not have the basic content of the discipline in mind, expresses himself incorrectly and ignores technical terminology, and does not respond to questions put to him.

Written examination, with the option to the oral examination to improve grades.

Written and oral examination. The written test want to verify the basic skills on the tools introduced. The oral one will allow to clarify the grasp of the discipline and the technical language and to evaluate specific skills. Please note that after the third attempt to sit the exam in the course of a calendar year, the registration block is automatically applied.

Prova orale volta a verificare le abilità di base in merito agli strumenti introdotti e di chiarire la padronanza della disciplina e del linguaggio e valutare le competenze specifiche. Si ricorda che dopo il terzo tentativo di sostenimento dell'esame nel corso di un anno solare, viene applicato automaticamente il blocco alle iscrizioni.

The student can acquire credits for the "Computer skills" exam with the presentation of the "ICDL Full Standard" certificate obtained with Syllabus 5.0/6.0. There is an AICA Test Center in both the Novara and Alessandria offices where it is possible to obtain this certification. More detailed information is available on the Department's website (https://disei.uniupo.it/it/didattica/certificazioni)

The exam is both written and oral. The written examination is designed primarily to assess the acquisition of the basic concepts of the general theory of law and an appropriate level of written expression. The oral examination is aimed at ascertaining the acquisition of critical (not merely mnemonic) reading skills of the philosophical-legal contents of the course. Best students can present a critical oral analysis related to courses's topics. There will be scheduled checkpoints to ascertain understanding of the course content during the class period.

Examination will be conducted in oral form. The written examination is mainly aimed at ascertaining the acquisition of the basic concepts of legal informatics and artificial intelligence applied to law, and an adequate form of written expression. The oral examination is aimed at ascertaining the acquisition of an ability to read critically, not merely mnemonically, the content related to digital justice and the metaverse. A topic, related to the course, resulting from the student's individual critical analysis, may optionally be presented during the oral examination (for students who have passed the written with a grade of 27/30 or higher). There will be times to ascertain understanding of the course content during the class period.

The exam is in written form and consists of 5 open questions of and a short practical case to solve. The candidate who has passed the written exam, can choose to undergo an optional oral exam; The vote obtained in the oral exam will average with that obtained in the written exam. The students who attend the lectures of avv. Fabiani will be able to undergo a short written test at the end of the module, the result of which (score from 0 to 3) will be added to the vote obtained at the general exam (provided that the latter is sufficient)

Approximately halfway through each semester's lectures, there will be a mid-term assessment covering the program material already presented. This assessment will consist of two open-ended questions: the first requiring a more comprehensive answer, and the second a more concise one. Students will need to articulate their answers succinctly but precisely, demonstrating their knowledge of the topics covered and their ability to make diachronic connections. The grade will reflect a balance between the two answers, considering not only the knowledge displayed but also the argumentative skill. The final exam will be an oral examination. If a student achieves a satisfactory grade on the mid-term assessment, the final exam will consist of a single question on the remaining portion of the program. However, if the student did not achieve a satisfactory grade or did not take the mid-term assessment, the final exam will comprise three questions covering the entire course program. Students must demonstrate knowledge of the topics discussed and the ability to navigate them diachronically to highlight the evolution of institutions and sources. The final grade will take into account both the written mid-term assessment result and the answer given during the oral exam. This will not be a weighted mathematical average; instead, it will start from the mid-term grade, with the possibility of improving or worsening it based on the oral answer, but without deviating excessively. The evaluation will consider not only acquired knowledge but also transferable skills, such as the ability to argue and discuss issues raised during the course with the instructor.

Practice exercises and exam simulations might be addressed during the course. The final exam is oral and aims to test the student's communication skills, ability to use technical language appropriately, as well as the ability to make connections on the various topics covered. In order to achieve a high grade, the student must be able to independently use her/his knowledge and understanding of the teaching content to engage in depth discussion of critical aspects related to the topics covered and be able to state her/his conclusions clearly and logically. For the Part III assessment, the exam consists of a (non compulsory) written test at the end of the course, with open questions .

The examination is oral. Active participation in seminars and exercises for attending students will also be evaluated.

written exam with three open questions.

Oral Exam. 3 questions: two questions about the "general part" and one dedicated to the Single Market issues. Questions may cover general issues or specific cases to be solved on the basis of ECJ case-law. During the course the teacher may decide to schedule intermediate tests for students who attend classes.

One 90-minute unseen written exam to be held at the end of the course. The exam paper consists of two parts, Part A and Part B. Part A consists of as many as 16 MCQs (8 for Micro and 8 for Macro) while Part B proposes as many as 8 essay-type questions (4 on Micro and 4 on Macro). Students must answer in full both parts. The two parts carry equal weight of 16 marks each. The minimum score for part A is of 8 (=4+4) marks. A sample of mock and past exam papers are available on DIR.

The exam is organised into two separate tests: the first is formative and the second is summative. The final assessment is based on the weighted average of the two tests, with the formative test accounting for 30% and the summative test accounting for 70%, thus combining the assessment of B2-level language and communication skills with the observation of the ability to apply linguistic knowledge and strategies appropriately in daily and/or academic contexts. The formative test for attending students consists of an activity to be discussed in class in a dedicated session, while for non-attending students an additional exercise will be given during the final exam. The summative assessment for all students consists of a written test in paper or computer-based format administered via the esami.DIR platform. The test is divided into three sections dedicated respectively to oral (listening) and written (reading) receptive skills and language skills (use of English). Each section consists of 1-3 activities with multiple-choice options, matching and cloze or completion exercises. The test is administered in person. The formative test will be assessed as excellent if it demonstrates full mastery of the content, articulate analytical and communication skills, and adequate autonomy in the use of linguistic tools. A fair assessment corresponds to sufficient knowledge but limited to essential content, with correct but not always adequate linguistic expression and partial analytical skills. An unsatisfactory assessment reveals significant gaps, inappropriate use of language and lack of consistency with the programme. To pass the test, a score of 18/30 or higher is required. In order to participate in the exam session, students must have met the initial requirements (EPT) and must have reserved a place to sit the exam (within the time restraints specified on the ESSE3 platform). Those who have completed and submitted the formative test (mid-term exam) during the course will be required to sit a shorter version of the summative test (final exam), whereas students who did not fulfill the formative exam requirements during the course will have an additional written component on their exam. Students may take the same exam a maximum of three times in an academic year. For the rules governing exams, please refer to Article 35 of the University’s Teaching Regulations.The formative test will be assessed as excellent if it demonstrates full mastery of the content, articulate analytical and communication skills, and adequate autonomy in the use of linguistic tools. A fair assessment corresponds to sufficient knowledge but limited to essential content, with correct but not always adequate linguistic expression and partial analytical skills. An unsatisfactory assessment reveals significant gaps, inappropriate use of language and lack of consistency with the programme. To pass the test, a score of 18/30 or higher is required. In order to participate in the exam session, students must have met the initial requirements (EPT) and must have reserved a place to sit the exam (within the time restraints specified on the ESSE3 platform). Those who have completed and submitted the formative test (mid-term exam) during the course will be required to sit a shorter version of the summative test (final exam), whereas students who did not fulfill the formative exam requirements during the course will have an additional written component on their exam. Students may take the same exam a maximum of three times in an academic year. For the rules governing exams, please refer to Article 35 of the University’s Teaching Regulations.