Definition of enviroment: biotics and abiotics – energetic and biogeochemical cycles. Environmental resources. Anthropic environments. Environmental deteriorations – Main types of pollution. Environmental quality evaluation indexes. Relations between environment preservation and economic development. International conferences on climate changes and mitigation strategies. EU environmental policies: from EU Frame Work Programmes to Integrated Product Policy. Environmental labels for touristic accomodation and environmental management tools.

The course is divided into lessons of two hours, whose contents: Destinations. Online tourism. Tourism and transport. Cruise. Air transport sector. Tourism image. Travel organization. Trail itinerary. Touristic routes. Cultural itineraries. Cultural routes. Mega- events. Religious tourism and its routes. Some tourism typologies and its organization and routes

The first part – Fundamentals The introduction to artistic literature from antiquity to the late Middle Ages The geography of the Romanesque The Gothic universe The comparisons between architecture and sculpture, Romanesque and Gothic The fifteenth-century Italian Renaissance The Flemish Art The art of the Catholic Reform. Europe of the sixteenth century The Baroque. The Netherlands and Spain in the seventeenth century The late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Piedmont, Italy and Europe The art between Enlightenment and Romanticism. The study of ancient and the birth of archeology The nineteenth century in France and in Europe The art between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: new discoveries, new materials The twentieth century: artistic movements, artists and their relationship with the international reality The second part – Cultural Heritage Assets/Art work The students will study about the protection, conservation and enhancement of the art and analize those institutions responsible for the safekeeping of the art. International Organizations The students will learn about who the international organizations are, that house the art and what their function is Unesco sites and non-European art Content and container: museography The museums. Museums ephemeral: the expositions that have made history Private foundations for art Italians and international contemporary museums Cultural tourism and cities of art The third part – Case studies Cities of art The square: from ancient evidence, the cities of art to the contemporary The historical gardens in Europe and in Italy European Cultural Routes: The Santiago De Compostela Pilgrim Routes, The Via Francigena The theme of the journey in paintings The Sacred Mountains The Baroque and late Baroque in Piedmont The study of Eclectic architecture on Lake Maggiore Design The design of Iconic landmarks: city and symbols from the past to the twenty first century Wine cathedral: contemporary architecture, art and wineries Alessandro Antonelli

Commercial law: PART I – COMMERCIAL LAW I The enterpreneur (art. 2082 c.c.) The farmer and the trader The small entrepreneur The public enterprise The tourism entrepreneur The rules of the code of tourism The beginning and the end of the business activity The rules about the trader The company and its selling The GEIE The business networks The distinctive features (general principles) The company Company, association, consortia The ordinary partnership The partnership “in nome collettivo” The partnership “in accomandita semplice” PART II – COMMERCIAL LAW II The stock company The deed of partnership The stock company with a sole partner The assets intended for specific business affairs The partners contributions The shares and their trading The financial instruments The shareholders' meeting The management and coordination of companies The directors The board of internal auditors The accounting controls The external audit The two-tier system and the one-tier system The balance sheet The modification of the deed of partnership The bonds The limited liability companies The company “in accomandita per azioni” The dissolution and winding-up of companies The extraordinary transactions The cooperative companies (general principles). Tourism Law: 1. The sources of tourism law 2. The role of regulators 3. The regulatory and legal framework of tourism activities at the national and transnational level. 4. Tourism enterprises and business activities 5. Tourism contract law 6. Tourism operators and intermediaries: regulation and liability 7- Tourism professionals and the European Union

1. The sources of tourism law 2. The role of regulators 3. The regulatory and legal framework of tourism activities at the national and transnational level. 4. Tourism enterprises and business activities 5. Tourism contract law 6. Tourism operators and intermediaries: regulation and liability 7- Tourism professionals and the European Union

PART I – COMMERCIAL LAW I The enterpreneur (art. 2082 c.c.) The farmer and the trader The small entrepreneur The public enterprise The tourism entrepreneur The rules of the code of tourism The beginning and the end of the business activity The rules about the trader The company and its selling The GEIE The business networks The distinctive features (general principles) The company Company, association, consortia The ordinary partnership The partnership “in nome collettivo” The partnership “in accomandita semplice” PART II – COMMERCIAL LAW II The stock company The deed of partnership The stock company with a sole partner The assets intended for specific business affairs The partners contributions The shares and their trading The financial instruments The shareholders' meeting The management and coordination of companies The directors The board of internal auditors The accounting controls The external audit The two-tier system and the one-tier system The balance sheet The modification of the deed of partnership The bonds The limited liability companies The company “in accomandita per azioni” The dissolution and winding-up of companies The extraordinary transactions The cooperative companies (general principles).

The course is structured as follows:  the design of the project  project setting  implementation of the project  evaluation and audit of the project  communication and promotion of the project  types of products and touristic destinations  types of tourism projects  policies, projects and programs  context analysis (demand management, destination management, site management)  actors and stakeholders  the organizational design and creative resources  techniques and methods of participation and decision support  techniques and types of evaluation: of territorial interrelations, of added values, of costs and revenues  territorial and sectorial planning at European, national and regional scales  marketing plans  project funding (fund raising and financial sources)  tools for promotion and marketing of the products and of the touristic destinations (visitor management and destination marketing)

First part: - What is a firm? - Relation between production value and remuneration of production factors - The firm as a productive unit: input, output, real and financial aspects - Concept of profit (and value creation) - Distribution of information and incentive mechanisms - Fundamentals of competitive strategy - Value creation and competitive advantage - Competitive strategy and value creation - Competitive strategy and value creation in tourism firms - Degree of operating leverage - Contribution margin and decision analysis - Make or buy decisions - Costs and optimization costs of operating activities in firms Second part: FIRST UNIT – HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT Diversification processes and sector development Property assets Hotel groups Transport sector Crisis management SECOND UNIT – TOURISM MARKETING AND MANAGEMENT Marketing, tourist destinations e new media Event management and cultural events Tourism products

Theoretical framework and conceptual definitions, scenarios in modern tourism. Sources and statistical data for the study of tourism. Historical development of tourism. Tourist regions of the world and the main flow. The analysis of international tourism demand. Tourism in the BRIC countries. The tourism resources: natural, cultural, artificial. Accessibility: the role of transport in tourism development. The construction of tourist images. The location strategies of tour operators. Planned and spontaneous forms of tourism development. Spatial patterns of tourism development (Miossec model, life cycle model). Tourism and sustainability: the impact of tourism on the environment, economic structure and social structure. New trends and future scenarios of tourism.

Definition of tourism organization Industrial organization and market structure in tourism Tourism management Fundamentals of organization structure Organizations in tourism sector Information systems ICT and Tourism: challenges and opportunities Human resource policies Human resource policies in tourism sector

Part I – Marketing and Economics Marketing and Entrepreneurship Marketing – driven management and environment Consumer behavior Part II – Strategic Marketing Marketing: segmentation and market analysis Part III – Operational Marketing Communication and Marketing Campaigns Customer Relationship Marketing and Internet Marketing

Aim of the course is to provide students the skills necessary to elaborate the following subjects: - consolidation of methodological expertise acquired during the course of Business Administration (considered a prerequisite) for the detection of accounting processes; - preparation of financial statements in accordance with economic logic; - development of good evaluation capacity of balance sheet items in accordance with economic principles, the legal framework and tax laws; - determining taxable income and taxes; - preparation of cash flow statement; - analysis of the economic and financial situation through the interpretation of financial ratios.

• Basic verbs: 'être and avoir' (to be and to have) and the verb endings in the present tense. Frequent verbs such as 'manger, marcher, regarder, téléphoner, écouter , travailler and the conjugation in the present tense; Definite and indefinite articles 'le, la, les' ( the) 'un, une, des';. Partitive article 'du, de la, des'; Possessive adjectives 'mon, ma, mes'; Masculine and feminine nouns; Plural of nouns; Interrogative and negative forms. Key words to ask questions:'Qui, où,, quand, comment'; Comparatives; 'Plus grand, que / moins riche que'; Opposites and frequencies; 'Toujours, jamais, souvent '; Irregular verbs in the present tense 'prendre, aller, venir' Modal verbs: 'vouloir, pouvoir, devoir; savoir' with conjugations in the present tense. Present tense of verbs ending in 'ir' and 're'. Pronouns for direct and indirect object such as 'lui' and 'leur'. More key questions words: 'pourquoi, parce que, avec qui, depuis quand'; Introduction to passé composé (Past tense). Regular, irregular and motions verbs (aller, venir, monter, arriver) in the past tense. Adjectives and their agreement; More comparatives: Meilleur que / mieux que; More opposites and frequencies: autant que (as well as), quelquefois. Past tense of modal verbs; Immediate future: 'Je vais prendre' Revision of the present and introduction of the past tense for the reflexive verbs; Relative clauses: 'Une ville qui est en Alsace / Une ville que j'aime'; Complete review of the past tense; More indirect pronouns such as 'eux' (them); Introduction of ' en', 'J'en ai' and 'y', j'y vais. Practice of all pronouns mixed up with past tense; 'Ne.plus' ; Introduction to the future tense. Practise of regular future tense. Perfect tense with to have, to be and with reflective verbs (Se lever, s'occuper de.); direct and Indirect pronouns (him, her, them / to him, to her, to them); "y" pronoun; comparatives (more than, less than); should/could/would like; imperative; recent past and near future (venir de +infinitif / aller +inf.); adjectives to express emotions; expressions of time Imperfect; relative pronouns (qui, que, dont); future tense (will); adverbs; impersonal verbs (falloir, pleuvoir.); conditional (would); can/want/must/fancy; complex interrogatives (depuis quand, avec qui, pour quel.); adjectives Consolidation of imperfect vs perfect tense; consolidation of imperative, future and conditional; superlatives; "si" clause (if); introducing the pluperfect (if I had done .) + conditional perfect (I would have done .) Introduction to tourism planning; letters (asking information.); destinations; planning practice; work placements; tourism and events; conferences and events planning; different kinds of tourism

History, history writing, cultural heritage, tourism. Prehistory. Neolitic Near Eastern civilizations. Greek civilization and its heritage. Roman civilization and its heritage. Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. The birth of Europe. European feudal and urban civilization in High Middle Ages. Transition from Middle Ages to Early Modern times. Early Modern times. Eighteenth century revolutions. Nineteenth century.

Economic reasoning and the instruments of economic analysis The different approaches to economic science Consumption Firms, production and supply Markets: perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly The markets of the factors of production: labour and capital The market and the state Market failures Economics of information The GDP The national accountancy Money Inflation Aggregate demand and supply Comparative advantage and international trade Employment and unemployment The economic cycle Economic growth

The statistical population and the statistical units. Characters and their statistical modes. Measurement scales. Main concepts, definitions and classifications for tourism statistics. Principal sources of tourism statistics. Frequency distributions and graphical representation. Measures of position: mean, mode, median, quantiles. Measures of dispersion: interquartile range, variance, standard deviation. Concentration: Gini index and Lorenz curve. Heterogeneity. Introduction to bivariate statistical analysis. Joint, marginal and conditional distributions. Dependence and correlation. The covariance and the linear correlation index. Linear regression: computation of parameter and diagnostics. Stocks and flows. Statistical ratios. Main indicators of the tourism phenomenon. Time Series Analysis. Index numbers. The classical decomposition: identification of the trend, the seasonal component and the cycle. Measuring Aggregate Change and Difference. Weighted Aggregates and Index Numbers.

PART I: Natural Landscapes Natural components and determinants The river systems and forms of vegetation of the main types of climate The forms of high ground and their determinants Large regions and landscapes of nature The equatorial landscape or rainforest The landscape of tropical savannas. The landscape of hot and cold deserts The tropical mountain landscape The subtropical landscape or warm temperate The temperate landscape of fresh westerly winds The boreal landscapes of the northern cold temperate Seminival, mountain sub-nival and perennial ice landscapes PART II: geographical and social landscapes Conceptions of the relationship “man / nature” in geography Examples of possibility and historicist interpretations Rural landscapes Urban landscapes Industrial landscapes PART III: Cultural landscapes The World Heritage Sites The European Landscape Convention Cultural landscapes in Italy Plans and programs Some examples.

Introduction to cultural anthropology Anthropological methods Human diversity Methods of subsistence Anthropology and tourism Anthropology and media Ethnology of Italy and Italians Food as cultural heritage

PROGRAMMA ECONOMIA AZIENDALE ECONOMIA D’AZIENDA (testo “Lezioni di Economia Aziendale” – Giappichelli) Parte prima - Il sistema azienda Capitolo 1 - Il sistema azienda e il suo ambiente. Capitolo 2 - Aziende pubbliche e enti no profit. Capitolo 3 - La forma giuridica dell'azienda (cenni). Capitolo 4 - Gli aspetti sociali dell'azienda. Parte seconda - Gli equilibri della gestione e il bilancio d'esercizio Capitolo 6 - Gli equilibri economico finanziari della gestione. Capitolo 7 - Il bilancio d'esercizio. Parte terza - Le aree funzionali e i processi di gestione Capitolo 8 - Analisi della azienda per funzioni e per processi. Capitolo 9 - La strategia di business. Capitolo 10 - Il marketing. Capitolo 11 - La produzione e la logistica. Capitolo 12 – L'innovazione. Capitolo 13 – La finanza aziendale. Capitolo 14 – L'organizzazione e il personale. Capitolo 15 – L’amministrazione. Capitolo 16 - La pianificazione strategica e il controllo di gestione. METODOLOGIA DI RILEVAZIONE (testo “La contabilità aziendale” – Il Sole 24 ore, edizione 2007, ristampa 2009 – a cura di Maura Campra) Capitolo 1 - Il fabbisogno di informazione e il sistema informativo aziendale. Capitolo 3 - Il sistema informativo di contabilità generale. Capitolo 5 – Il ciclo attivo. Capitolo 6 – Il ciclo passivo. Capitolo 7 – Il ciclo degli investimenti in immobilizzazioni. Capitolo 8 – Il ciclo dei finanziamenti. Capitolo 9 – La gestione del personale. Scritture di Chiusura.

The course is divided into two parts and in lessons of two hours, whose contents are: Definitions and contents of Geography .The Earth as a system. Tools for geographic analysis. Cartography and spatial representation. The Earth’s surface as a differentiated space: territorial values. Population, migration and culture. The city: definitions and functions. Virtual networks and urban organization of global space. Urban and rural areas. Infrastructures and services. Urban environment and landscape. The world-system and main theories of development. GDP and other social and economic indicators. The production systems: Fordism and post-Fordism. The new enterprise location strategies: internationalization and relocation. Globalization. Clusters and regional innovation systems. The economic and political integration between states. Economic network and global governance.

Private Law: - general concepts - statutory interpretation - personal rights - ownership and rights in property; - the law of obligations; - the law of contract; - torts.