Ateneo - UPO

Systematic Pathological Anatomy is a course in Diagnostic Medicine that treats the alterations caused by morbid processes in the tissues and cells of the various systems that make up the human body

STUDY BOOKS
Cotran, Kumar e Robbins: Le basi patologiche delle malattie (2 vol.). Ed. Piccin, 5^ edizione

P. Gallo, G. D’Amati: Anatomia Patologica – La sistematica (2 volumi) – Edizione UTET

Strayer e Rubin: Anatomia Patologica Edizione 2019

REFERENCE BOOKS
Rosai and Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology (2 vol.) - 11a Edizione – Elsevier

At the end of the course the student will have to:
1) Demonstrate an adequate knowledge of macroscopic and microscopic morphological pictures
of various diseases;
2) Be able to frame the morbid processes from a nosographic, epidemiological and etiopathogenetic point of view;
3) Understand the physiopathological, clinical and prognostic significance of various diseases;
4) Know the various types of anatomo-pathological survey methodology
and be aware of their use in the diagnosis and formulation of prognosis.

Knowledge of normal anatomy and histology. Knowledge of the basics of general pathology

Frontal lesson (in the classroom)
Distance learning with the usual IT platforms (e.g. Google Meet)
Online teaching (e.g. sharing of cases with students, lesson files)
Professional training (path in Pathological Anatomy Services present in Novara and Vercelli Hospitals)

Students can contact me for any eventuality at the institutional email address guido.valente@med.uniupo.it

Oral interview based on 4 question themes drawn from the 670 filed in DIR. Students have at their disposal a series of slips, in each of which 4 question themes are printed: before the exam they choose one, which will constitute the topics of the exam.

Main procedural aspects, with hints on legal regulations, of the diagnostic finding.
Concept of epicrisis and its applications.
Procedures used for the preparation of a histological and cytological preparation.
Main techniques associated with histological and cytological diagnostics (histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy), with hints on their indications, and molecular diagnostics.
Main types of biopsy and their indications, including fine needle biopsy.
Know the procedure of the extemporaneous examination and its indications
Describe the morphological pictures of ischemic heart disease and transmural and subendocardial infarction
Illustrate the morphological substrates of exertional angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction
Indicate the morphological substrates of heart valve stenosis and insufficiency and dystrophic valve disease
Describe the morphological pictures of myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure
Describe the morphological pictures of myocarditis and cardiomyopathies (complications and outcomes), illustrating the role of endomyocardial biopsy
Indicate the causes, morphology and consequences of intimal hyperplasia
Describe the causes of atherosclerosis, the morphology of elementary and advanced / complicated lesions
Describe the pathological pictures of the main vasculitis
Describe the morphological pictures of circulation disorders in the various organs
Describe predisposing conditions, natural history, morphology and complications of aortic dissection
Classify aortic aneurysms with reference to etiopathogenesis, morphology and complications
Describe the morphological pictures of endocarditis in relation to the different etiopathogenesis
Provide a general overview of pericardial pathology: pericarditis, haemopericardium, primary and metastatic tumors, pericardial effusions
Provide a general overview of heart cancers and superficially know the main pictures
Frame the morphological substrates of cardiac arrhythmias
Define the state of shock and the clinical-pathological differences between cardiogenic, septic, hypovolemic, traumatic, anaphylactic shock
Classify congenital heart disease on the basis of hemodynamic characteristics, and be able to describe the most frequent forms with their complications and prognosis
Understanding succinctly the main pathological aspects related to heart transplantation
Describe the morphological alterations of the pulmonary circulation disorders: pulmonary embolism and hypertension
Know in general the diseases of the veins, with particular reference to phlebothrombosis and thrombophlebitis, and their associations with neoplastic diseases
Know in general the non-neoplastic conditions of the esophagus and their complications
Describe the morphological pictures of the esophagitis
Know the anatomo-clinical and histological pictures of Barrett's esophagus, and its clinical-pathological significance
Describe the main precancerous esophageal diseases
Describe the morphological pictures and complications of esophageal carcinoma and its variants, and superficially know the main non-epithelial tumors
Describe the main morphological pictures of gastritis and gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer and illustrate the role of endoscopic biopsy, also as a function of etiopathogenesis
Describe, differentiating the anatomo-clinical and histological pictures, epithelial and non-epithelial gastric tumors, and illustrate the diagnostic role of endoscopic biopsy
Describe the morphological pictures of acute and chronic pancreatitis in relation to their natural history and complications
Describe the morphological pictures of pancreatic cancer
Provide basic information on the morphological aspect and diagnosis of endocrine tumors of the pancreas
Describe the morphological pictures of acute and chronic hepatitis in relation to the etiopathogenesis and possible evolutions and complications, and illustrate the diagnostic function of the liver biopsy
Describe the morphological alterations of portal hypertension of the liver, including the problem of collateral circulation, and provide notes on the Budd-Chiari syndrome
Classify chronic hepatitis and describe its histopathological pictures and the modalities of staging and gradation, also in relation to the different etiopathogenesis and consequently to their prognosis.
Know in general the pictures of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Indicate the haematochemical alterations and histopathological aspects of alcoholic liver disease in relation to the pathogenetic mechanisms and the various evolutionary stages
Describe the morphological pictures of the main types of liver cirrhosis, also with reference to their etiology and complications
Describe the morphological pictures of hepato- and cholangiocellular tumors and liver metastases, illustrating the diagnostic role of transparietal needle biopsy and laparoscopy

Succinctly describe the non-neoplastic lesions of the liver
Briefly describe the main anatomo-pathological pictures related to liver transplantation
Describe the morphological pictures of cholecystitis and carcinoma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract, with reference to the natural history and complications
Provide a general framework and describe the main morphological pictures of biliary cirrhosis and sclerosing cholangitis and genetic-based liver diseases
Describe the morphological pictures of the most common enteritis and colitis, in relation to their etiopathogenesis
Provide a general framework and describe the main morphological pictures of intestinal malabsorption syndromes, illustrating the diagnostic role of endoscopic biopsy
Describe the morphological pictures, in relation to their evolution, of ischemic intestinal disorders
Know and be able to classify the various types of non-neoplastic intestinal polyps, with notes on their histological aspects
Describe the morphological pictures of adenomas of the large intestine with specific reference to familial polyposis and adenoma-carcinoma progression; illustrate the diagnostic and prognostic role of biopsy and endoscopic resection
Describe the epidemiology and anatomo-clinical and histological pictures of colon cancer; expose the essential data relating to the staging modalities and correlate the prognosis with the anatomo-clinical stage.
Frame the diverticular disease of the large intestine on an anatomical and anatomo-clinical basis, with particular reference to its complications
Describe the anatomo-clinical and histopathological alterations of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis; indicate the differential diagnostic orientations and know the complications
know superficially the picture of the congenital megacolon
Know the main pathological pictures of the salivary glands, in particular of tumors, with notes on diagnostic difficulties, classification and prognosis
Describe in general the anatomical and histological pictures of neuroendocrine tumors of the small and large intestine
Describe the morphological and anatomo-clinical pictures of tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx, with notes on the elements useful for staging and prognosis
Know the main aspects of the pathology of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx, with particular reference to tumors
Know the main alterations of pulmonary circulation, their complications and pathophysiological implications
Know the pathological pictures and the etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of ARDS
Know the main neonatal lung changes and their pathophysiological implications
Describe the morphological and anatomo-clinical pictures of foci, lobar and interstitial pneumonia and their complications, also in relation to etiopathogenesis

The remaining parts of the program can be consulted on the DIR

Students must approach Pathological Anatomy as an indispensable cultural tool in the clinical path.
Students are required to know how to use this tool in clinical reasoning and in approaching the patient. The exam is basically aimed at verifying whether this mental attitude, as well as practical, has been acquired.