Ateneo - UPO

The main focus of the course of Physiology I is to achieve the knowledge of principles at basis of functional activity of various organs (nervous system, renal system and digestive system).
As optional, the course aims to clarify the physiological basis of diagnostic procedures used in clinics and of experimental techniques adopted in the basic and applied medical research.
As regarding the applicative aspects, the disorders of the acid-base balance and of the reflex mechanisms are treated in a synthetic way, paying particular attention to the link with the physiological concepts.

Fisiologia Umana a cura F. Grassi, D. Negrini e CA Porro, Poletto Editore

The educational objectives are addressed to the knowledge of principles governing the functional acvitity of various organs and apparatus.
They are also aimed at promoting the integration between basic sciences and the clinical approach.
Particular attention is paid to the "gender medicine".
Educational objectives:
1) knowledge and comprehension of physiologic mechanisms regulating gastrointestinal secretion, absorption and motility. Physiologic liver function. Physiopathologic aspects of gastrointestinal physiology and practic applications of basic physiologic notions, with referrals to the clinic. Knowledge and comprehension of mechanisms regulating renal filtration, reabsorption and secretion, of renal clearances and of the role of kidney in acide-base balance. Clinical applications of basic physiologic notions, with particular attention to the alterazions of the acid-base balance.
2) Knowledge and comprehension of neurophysiologic control of systemic and peripheral nervous system. Knowledge of the physiology of the sensitive and motor nervous system. Practical applications of basic physiologic notions, with particular attention to the reflexes. Knowledge and comprehension of integrative functions and of mechanisms regulating wakefulness and sleep.
3) Practical applications of main principles regarding kidney, digestive and nervous system physiology.
In particular, the student is expected to have acquired independent judgment and adequate communication skills relating to the principles of Physiology.

Students should be in possession of basic knowledge of Anatomy, Istology, Physics, Chemistry and Biochemistry.

Power point and DIR are used to present the frontal lessons and to upload the power point files and interactive videos.
In this regard, particular attention is paid to language to support students with disabilities, with Specific Learning Disorders (DSA), with Special Educational Needs (BES).
Use of simulators for the practical applications of renal and nervous system physiology.
The effectiveness of the teaching method is evaluated through the organization of verification sessions concerning the topics covered in class.

The course is organized into a part focused on the arguments related to the renal, nervous and digestive Physiology and a part focused on the practical aspects of the physiological issues.

Students will have an oral exam about Gastrointestinal, Nervous, Renal Physiology. The student should prove to have acquired basic notions of Physiology learned during frontal lessons, seminars and exercitations.
The achievement of the educational objectives will be assessed with particular reference to
autonomy of judgment, communication skills and learning skills.
The acquisitions of the basic principles relating to the physiology of the various systems will be considered for the purpose of achieving sufficiency.
Excellence can be achieved by the student who will demonstrate to create links with clinical aspects and who will demonstrate to know in detail the signaling pathways and the mechanisms underlying the principles of Physiology.

Nervous system. Physiology of neurons and synapses.
Spinal reflexes. Brainstem and regulation of postural tone. Vestibular receptors. Extralabirintic control of postural tone.
Cortical control of movement and posture.
basal ganglia. Cerebellum. Somestesic system. Smell and taste. Physiology of acustic system. Physiology of visual system.
Integrative function of central nervous system. Electroencephalogram. Mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness. Brain cortex. Physiology of skeletal and smooth muscle contraction.
Gastrointestinal system. Gastrointestinal secretions. Gastronitestinal motility. Digestion and absorbption. Physiology of liver.
Physiology of the kidney. Anatomic pics. Intrinsic and extrinsic renal blood fllow regulation. Glomerular filtration. Mechanisms of riabsorbption and secretion.
Renal clearances. Tubular riabsorption of water and solutes. Urine concentration. Acid-base balance: main buffers; physiopatology pics;role of the kidney in the regulation of acid-base balance.
Practical applications of main principles regarding kidney and nervous system physiology

The student should:
(KNOWLEDGE)
-be aware of physiologic mechanisms that regulate the function of various organs
(COMPETENCE)
-use the knowledge for solving the quiz of applied physiology and to face physiopathological aspects
(TRANSVERSAL ABILITY)
-to be able to read, understand and discuss technical material taken from books, other tests etc;
-to know or find out the internationl terminology.
For the achievement of an advanced level, the student must demonstrate to be able to know the intracellular mechanisms underlying the notions of Physiology and hypothesize clinical applications.