The first part of the course aims to present the main approaches proposed by sociology to analyze and interpret the concepts of health and disease and the relations between health and society. In particular, the main sociological perspectives will be analyzed, including the reading of some classics of sociology on health and illness. The second part of the course will be dedicated to two approaches through which to interpret the relationship between health and society: the micro-sociological one, through the analysis of the physician-patient relationship, and the macro-sociological one, through the analysis of social inequalities in health.

Course calendar Lesson 1: Presentation of course content. Presentation of the lesson methods (illustration of the texts by the teacher and discussion of the texts in the classroom); presentation of examination procedures (written report and discussion); presentation of the schedule of lessons. Presentation of the texts: Bagnasco, Mela, Review of Rural Development / Calvaresi Lesson 2: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco Lesson 3: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco (continuation), Mela (Chapter 1). Lesson 4: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 3). Lesson 5: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (beginning). Lesson 6: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (continuation). Lesson 7: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (beginning). Lesson 8: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (continuation). Lesson 9: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 6). Lesson 10: Intermediate revision of the topics covered. Lesson 11: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 12: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 13: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 14: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Magazine / Calvaresi Lesson 15: End of the 6 CFUs class. Final revision of the topics covered in the course. Lesson 16-30: 7 and 8 CFUs class continues with an in depth analysis of processes and outcomes of the Leader Plus Programme NB: students are advised to read the texts of the lesson beforehand.

This course aims at reflecting on the main socio-political theories about the contemporary age, with particular reference to globalisation and the coeval evolution of the political theory, to the concept of power, to the forms of democracy and the crisis of representation. Moreover, the course will focus on the most relevant streams of the contemporary political thought (liberalism, socialism, communism, fascism, anarchism) and the political philosophy (from classics to post-modernity). Particular attention will be paid to the concept of populism in all its forms.

Course calendar Lesson 1: Presentation of course content. Presentation of the lesson methods (illustration of the texts by the teacher and discussion of the texts in the classroom); presentation of examination procedures (written report and discussion); presentation of the schedule of lessons. Presentation of the texts: Bagnasco, Mela, Review of Rural Development / Calvaresi Lesson 2: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco Lesson 3: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco (continuation), Mela (Chapter 1). Lesson 4: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 3). Lesson 5: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (beginning). Lesson 6: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (continuation). Lesson 7: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (beginning). Lesson 8: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (continuation). Lesson 9: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 6). Lesson 10: Intermediate revision of the topics covered. Lesson 11: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 12: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 13: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 14: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Magazine / Calvaresi Lesson 15: End of the 6 CFUs class. Final revision of the topics covered in the course. Lesson 16-30: 7 and 8 CFUs class continues with an in depth analysis of processes and outcomes of the Leader Plus Programme NB: students are advised to read the texts of the lesson beforehand.

The course is divided in two parts: the "institutional" analysis will cover the following topics: - the European integration process; and developments; the fundamental "values" of the European Union and their protection; - The EU institutions and the inter-institutional decision process (in particular: the European Parliament; the Council; the Commission; the European Council; the European Court of Justice; the European Central Bank etc.); the other EU bodies and agencies (e.g. the European Economic Social Committee; the European Committee of the Regions; the specialized agencies and their functions etc.); the powers of the EU; the principles of transferral, subsidiarity, proportionality, sincere cooperation, the inter-institutional equilibrium etc.; - the relationship between the European Union law and national legal orders (direct effect; supremacy etc.); - the jurisdiction of the EUCJ and the main judicial proceedings; - fundamental rights in the European Law; - the EU citizenship and its consequences on people in Europe. The "special" part will cover the following items: - free movement of goods; - free circulation of workers; - freedom to provide services and the right of establishment; - free circulation of capitals and freedom in investments. The teacher may focus on specific topics (also in a "monographic" way) in the ambit of the course. ERASMUS STUDENDS are strongly recomended to contact the teacher in order to agree their program.

Subject of the course will be the right of association and the right of employment relationships and, in particular: - To the right of association: the historical evolution of the Right Italian; the trade union organization; Freedom of Association; representation and trade union representation; corporate union representation (in the private sector and in the public sector) and trade union rights in the workplace; the collective agreement (models, structure, effectiveness, mandatory nature); the relationship between collective agreements and between collective bargaining and the law; collective bargaining in the civil service "privatized"; the collective dispute (the right to strike in its general outlines legal -nature, ownership, boundaries - and other forms of industrial action); the strike in essential public services; lockout; the repression of the anti-union behavior; - To the right of the employment relationship: the sources of labor law; the concepts of subordination, autonomy and parasubordination; the organization of the labor market and the establishment of relations; the type of employment contracts (fixed-term contract, parttime, temp work, etc.). the Governing power of the employer (general profiles, the discipline and the tasks of the employee's transfer, the working time management); the power of control and disciplinary power; the protection of health and safety in the workplace; remuneration (constitutional profiles, concept and structure, wage automation); the suspension of the employment relationship; layoffs; of the surplus personnel; the layoffs of discipline. Particular attention is given to developing skills in understanding and drafting of written texts. Students will be asked to rework, even in writing, analysis of case law material and / or doctrinal. Even the interim and final tests are in written form. In order to enrich the educational offer of the course giving the right space at the professional dimension, there is the testimony of a lawyer, a job counselor or a corporate lawyer who will explain in practical terms what it means today to be applying the law. Students are advised to check the detailed schedule of classes posted on DIR for the topics of the individual lectures.

Subject of the course will be the right of association and the right of employment relationships and, in particular: - To the right of association: the historical evolution of the Right Italian; the trade union organization; Freedom of Association; representation and trade union representation; corporate union representation (in the private sector and in the public sector) and trade union rights in the workplace; the collective agreement (models, structure, effectiveness, mandatory nature); the relationship between collective agreements and between collective bargaining and the law; collective bargaining in the civil service "privatized"; the collective dispute (the right to strike in its general outlines legal -nature, ownership, boundaries - and other forms of industrial action); the strike in essential public services; lockout; the repression of the anti-union behavior; - To the right of the employment relationship: the sources of labor law; the concepts of subordination, autonomy and parasubordination; the organization of the labor market and the establishment of relations; the type of employment contracts (fixed-term contract, parttime, temp work, etc.). the Governing power of the employer (general profiles, the discipline and the tasks of the employee's transfer, the working time management); the power of control and disciplinary power; the protection of health and safety in the workplace; remuneration (constitutional profiles, concept and structure, wage automation); the suspension of the employment relationship; layoffs; of the surplus personnel; the layoffs of discipline. Particular attention is given to developing skills in understanding and drafting of written texts. Students will be asked to rework, even in writing, analysis of case law material and / or doctrinal. Even the interim and final tests are in written form. In order to enrich the educational offer of the course giving the right space at the professional dimension, there is the testimony of a lawyer, a job counselor or a corporate lawyer who will explain in practical terms what it means today to be applying the law. Students are advised to check the detailed schedule of classes posted on DIR for the topics of the individual lectures.

Contents: social differences and inequalities, social interactions, institutions and their regulatory strength, power in action, social action, social structures, power and social policies

Course calendar Lesson 1: Presentation of course content. Presentation of the lesson methods (illustration of the texts by the teacher and discussion of the texts in the classroom); presentation of examination procedures (written report and discussion); presentation of the schedule of lessons. Presentation of the texts: Bagnasco, Mela, Review of Rural Development / Calvaresi Lesson 2: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco Lesson 3: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco (continuation), Mela (Chapter 1). Lesson 4: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 3). Lesson 5: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (beginning). Lesson 6: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (continuation). Lesson 7: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (beginning). Lesson 8: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (continuation). Lesson 9: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 6). Lesson 10: Intermediate revision of the topics covered. Lesson 11: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 12: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 13: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 14: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Magazine / Calvaresi Lesson 15: End of the 6 CFUs class. Final revision of the topics covered in the course. Lesson 16-30: 7 and 8 CFUs class continues with an in depth analysis of processes and outcomes of the Leader Plus Programme NB: students are advised to read the texts of the lesson beforehand.

The huge extension of contract in the spheres of political sovereignty is the main change of our time. Contract without foundation, as every theory of original social contract has acknowledged: an artificial product explained by another artifice. However the building of new social contract asks for community building beyond the market relations. It is a "many to many" form of contract with many actors and incompleteness and uncertainty. New forms are needed integrating incompleteness and community.

Mechanisms of public policies in the field of health, urban policies and finance

The course adopts an analytical approach to the study of organized crime focusing in particular on the Sicilian Mafia and the ‘Ndrangheta from Calabria in the South of Italy. It will address fundamental questions about the definition of the concept, the origins of organized crime, its activities, its organization and structure, recruitment both permanent and occasional, traditional culture, the role of women, territorial control and what features constrain or facilitate the migration of criminal groups in non traditional regions. A seminar with a guest speaker will describe and discuss the main indicators of the presence of organized crime in territories other than the traditional ones. The course aims to encourage the students to a dispassionate understanding of what organized crime is and how it works with particular reference to the Sicilian Mafia and the ‘Ndrangheta in Calabria. The understanding of their origins, why they persist and to what extent they can be exported in territories other than their original ones is crucial to demistify such phenomena and prepare citizens to address them.

I week (17/21 feb): Introduction to the module: objectives, structure, issues and concepts II week (24 feb/28 feb): social and health planning: origins, definitions, practices and actors III settimana (2/6 mar): planning and participation: what, how, when and why IV settimana (9/13 mar): Forms of collective decision-making: arguing, bargaining and voting (with simulation labs) V settimana participatory planning: phases and processes (with case studies and practical assignments) (16/20 mar): VI settimana (23-27 mar): The knowledge base: tools for territorial analysis and participatory pathways (with simulation labs) VII settimana (30 mar - 3 apr): participatory design and implementation of projects: methods, techniques and tools (with simulation labs) VIII settimana (6 apr): participatory evaluation

The course introduces students to some aspects of a social anthropological approach to the explanation of social phenomena. Part of the course covers anthropological research on immigration. The course illustrates the approach to understanding social phenomena characteristic of social anthropology. It describes the critique of evolutionist approaches and the relevance of this critique today. For the relevance of anthropologists’ rejection of evolutionism even today, see the Introduction to Jack Goody Il furto della storia OR the Introduction to his Capitalismo e modernità: il grande dibattito. - The first three chapters (“La stregoneria è un fenomeno organico e ereditario”, “Il concetto di stregoneria spiega gli avvenimenti sfavorevoli” and “Coloro che sono colpiti da disgrazie cercano gli stregoni fra i loro nemici”) of E. Evans-Pritchard’s book, Stregoneria, oracoli e magia tra gli Azande (Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milano 2002) show how one anthropologist made sense of beliefs and practices which on the surface appear totally irrational and totally distant from our own. Students do not need to master all the details of these beliefs but need to understand the basic intellectual questions posed by Evans-Pritchard. - The following brief texts are useful for understanding the problems connected with explanations in terms of “culture”: M. Aime, Cultura, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2018, pp. 53-68; the extracts from Lila Abu Lughod's text on the DIR website; D. Cuche, "Culture degli immigrati” and "Culture d'origine", in D. Cuche, La nozione di cultura nelle scienze sociali, Il Mulino, Bologna 2003; R. Boudon, entry on "Cultura e culturalismo" in R. Boudon, F. Bourricaud, Dizionario critico di sociologia, Armando, Roma 1991. - C. Capello, Le prigioni invisibili. Etnografia multisituata della migrazione marocchina, F. Angeli, Milano, 2008 is an interesting anthropological description of the social situation and beliefs of young Moroccans who wish to migrate from Casablanca and Khouribga, and of some who have actually managed to migrate and live in Turin. This “multi-sited” study is interesting for many reasons but is particularly useful on the “culture of migration” and on feelings of frustration and marginalization both in Morocco and in Italy. - N. Elias, J. Scotson, Strategie dell’esclusione, Il Mulino, Bologna 2004 provides students with material to understand how social boundaries are constructed in a local community. - P. Cingolani, Romeni d’Italia. Migrazioni, vita quotidiana e legami transnazionali, Il Mulino, Bologna 2009 is a bi-national study of Romanian migrants in Turin and in the small town of Marginea in north-east Romania. Interesting for many aspects of migration from post-communist Europe, on “integration” in the labour market and the housing market in Turin, and on effects of migration in Marginea. - Boissevain’s essay on “brokers” is an influential piece on how people may exploit their intermediary position linking different categories of people and thus earn political or personal profit; - Bott's essay is an interesting analysis of styles of conjugal relationship in a network perspective which sees this relationship in a wider relational context; - Bertolani's essay shows via attention to the network how some individuals are able to mobilize support during a conflict; - D. Perrotta, Vecchi e nuovi mediatori. Storia, geografia ed etnografia del caporalato in agricoltura, “Meridiana”, n.79, 2014 is an account which uses the concept of “broker” to explain patterns of labour organization in agriculture;

The course deals with the following topics: a sociological approach about social integration and migration issues - what does it mean "integration"? - what does it mean "integration" in migration contexts? - migration processes, integration patterns, policies

The huge extension of contract in the spheres of political sovereignty is the main change of our time. Contract without foundation, as every theory of original social contract has acknowledged: an artificial product explained by another artifice. However the building of new social contract asks for community building beyond the market relations. It is a "many to many" form of contract with many actors and incompleteness and uncertainty. New forms are needed integrating incompleteness and community.

The course discusses the role played by media communication in social and political issues. Sociology of culture and political sociology are the main drivers for understanding communication phenomena like the following: the mediatization of society and politics, the politicization of relevant issues such as migration and asylum and domestic violence, fake news and post-photography. A first part will focus on classical contributions, from both sociology and cultural studies, in the formation of a sociology of communication. A distinction will be made among different media, the role and function associated to each of them, media uses and consumption (by looking at statistics and debating qualitative researches). The major framework will keep a distinction between media and democracy theories (with its emphasis on objectivity, bias and pluralism) and media and egemony (with connected concepts of ideology, discourse and framing). Another important aspect is that of media effects on opinions and perceptions, socialization, political dynamics and social movement repertoires. A second part will illustrate the specific interest in a sociological approach to contemporary media. This will be accomplished through a focus on a few current key topics: media and migration, media and war and violence, populist political communication, hybrid journalism and disintermediation, post truth and post-photography. The course will finally illustrates the major communicative strategies discussed by scholars for both framing new ideas, promoting new priducts and counteract social and media phenomema such as fake news, minority discrimination, etc. Here are some questions the course will raise and discuss: How media communication produces social change and under which conditions do media inhibit social change? Which links can be traced among change in information environment, political change and new forms of democratic citizenship? Which relationship can be drawn between individual identity, collective identity and communication practices? How media works in the struggle for the cultural hegemony which is fought around the symbolic boundaries of gender, race, class and religion?

The course introduces students to some aspects of a social anthropological approach to the explanation of social phenomena. Part of the course covers anthropological research on immigration. The course illustrates the approach to understanding social phenomena characteristic of social anthropology. It describes the critique of evolutionist approaches and the relevance of this critique today. For the relevance of anthropologists’ rejection of evolutionism even today, see the Introduction to Jack Goody Il furto della storia OR the Introduction to his Capitalismo e modernità: il grande dibattito. - The first three chapters (“La stregoneria è un fenomeno organico e ereditario”, “Il concetto di stregoneria spiega gli avvenimenti sfavorevoli” and “Coloro che sono colpiti da disgrazie cercano gli stregoni fra i loro nemici”) of E. Evans-Pritchard’s book, Stregoneria, oracoli e magia tra gli Azande (Raffaello Cortina Editore, Milano 2002) show how one anthropologist made sense of beliefs and practices which on the surface appear totally irrational and totally distant from our own. Students do not need to master all the details of these beliefs but need to understand the basic intellectual questions posed by Evans-Pritchard. - The following brief texts are useful for understanding the problems connected with explanations in terms of “culture”: M. Aime, Cultura, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2018, pp. 53-68; the extracts from Lila Abu Lughod's text on the DIR website; D. Cuche, "Culture degli immigrati” and "Culture d'origine", in D. Cuche, La nozione di cultura nelle scienze sociali, Il Mulino, Bologna 2003; R. Boudon, entry on "Cultura e culturalismo" in R. Boudon, F. Bourricaud, Dizionario critico di sociologia, Armando, Roma 1991. - C. Capello, Le prigioni invisibili. Etnografia multisituata della migrazione marocchina, F. Angeli, Milano, 2008 is an interesting anthropological description of the social situation and beliefs of young Moroccans who wish to migrate from Casablanca and Khouribga, and of some who have actually managed to migrate and live in Turin. This “multi-sited” study is interesting for many reasons but is particularly useful on the “culture of migration” and on feelings of frustration and marginalization both in Morocco and in Italy. - N. Elias, J. Scotson, Strategie dell’esclusione, Il Mulino, Bologna 2004 provides students with material to understand how social boundaries are constructed in a local community. - P. Cingolani, Romeni d’Italia. Migrazioni, vita quotidiana e legami transnazionali, Il Mulino, Bologna 2009 is a bi-national study of Romanian migrants in Turin and in the small town of Marginea in north-east Romania. Interesting for many aspects of migration from post-communist Europe, on “integration” in the labour market and the housing market in Turin, and on effects of migration in Marginea. - Boissevain’s essay on “brokers” is an influential piece on how people may exploit their intermediary position linking different categories of people and thus earn political or personal profit; - Bott's essay is an interesting analysis of styles of conjugal relationship in a network perspective which sees this relationship in a wider relational context; - Bertolani's essay shows via attention to the network how some individuals are able to mobilize support during a conflict; - D. Perrotta, Vecchi e nuovi mediatori. Storia, geografia ed etnografia del caporalato in agricoltura, “Meridiana”, n.79, 2014 is an account which uses the concept of “broker” to explain patterns of labour organization in agriculture;

The course deals with the following topics: a sociological approach about social integration and migration issues - what does it mean "integration"? - what does it mean "integration" in migration contexts? - migration processes, integration patterns, policies

The course extends the social-anthropological knowledge introduced in the course Anthropology for the study of migration. Anthropological and sociological concepts like broker, transnational ties, as well as a specifically social-anthropological approach to network analysis via investigation of empirical material - P. Cingolani, Romeni d’Italia. Migrazioni, vita quotidiana e legami transnazionali, Il Mulino, Bologna 2009 is a bi-national study of Romanian migrants in Turin and in the small town of Marginea in north-east Romania. Interesting for many aspects of migration from post-communist Europe, on “integration” in the labour market and the housing market in Turin, and on effects of migration in Marginea. - Boissevain’s essay on “brokers” is an influential piece on how people may exploit their intermediary position linking different categories of people and thus earn political or personal profit; - Bott's essay is an interesting analysis of family and gender roles seen in a network percspective. - Bertolani's essay illustrates the capacity of network analysis to understand how people mobilize support during a conflict. - D. Perrotta, Vecchi e nuovi mediatori. Storia, geografia ed etnografia del caporalato in agricoltura, “Meridiana”, n.79, 2014 is an account which uses the concept of “broker” to explain patterns of labour organization in agriculture;

- Introduction to STATA - Data organization within STATA - Univariate analysis using STATA - Bivariate analysis using STATA - Multivariate analysis using STATA

The course deals with the transformation of public administrations in contemporary States due to the crisis of welfare systems and neo-liberal change. Privatization and contractualizations of goods and services supplied by public administrations will be critically analyzed. An interpretation of the crisis in term of shifting relations between capitalism and democracy will be presented.

Course calendar Lesson 1: Presentation of course content. Presentation of the lesson methods (illustration of the texts by the teacher and discussion of the texts in the classroom); presentation of examination procedures (written report and discussion); presentation of the schedule of lessons. Presentation of the texts: Bagnasco, Mela, Review of Rural Development / Calvaresi Lesson 2: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco Lesson 3: Discussion of the texts: Bagnasco (continuation), Mela (Chapter 1). Lesson 4: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 3). Lesson 5: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (beginning). Lesson 6: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 4) (continuation). Lesson 7: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (beginning). Lesson 8: Discussion of the texts: Mela (Chapter 5) (continuation). Lesson 9: Discussion of texts: Mela (Chapter 6). Lesson 10: Intermediate revision of the topics covered. Lesson 11: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 12: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 13: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Review / Calvaresi Lesson 14: Discussion of texts: Rural Development Magazine / Calvaresi Lesson 15: End of the 6 CFUs class. Final revision of the topics covered in the course. Lesson 16-30: 7 and 8 CFUs class continues with an in depth analysis of processes and outcomes of the Leader Plus Programme NB: students are advised to read the texts of the lesson beforehand.

Teaching units: 1. Introduction: organization, organized action, sociology of the organization 2. Institutions and organizations 3. Systems theory and organizational analysis 4. Organizational structures 5. Organization-network and network of organizations 6. Technology 7. Power 8. Organization as a social construction 9. Diachronic analysis of organizations 10. The organizational dimension of local development

The huge extension of contract in the spheres of political sovereignty is the main change of our time. Contract without foundation, as every theory of original social contract has acknowledged: an artificial product explained by another artifice. However the building of new social contract asks for community building beyond the market relations. It is a "many to many" form of contract with many actors and incompleteness and uncertainty. New forms are needed integrating incompleteness and community.

Mechanisms of public policies in the field of health, urban policies and finance

Topics include: the Italian legal system: the sources of Italian private law; legal facts and acts; legal actors and personhood: natural and legal persons; the concept of “thing”; ownership, property interests, possession; the law of obligations: sources of obligations, performance, nonperformance, particular obligations, circulation of rights and obligations; the law of contracts: the nature and definition of contracts, freedom of contract and its limits, the binding force of contracts, the elements of a contract, contracts and third persons, agency and representation, validity of contracts, termination, rescission, particular types of contract; general principles of tort law; general principles of family law; donation and general principles of inheritance; patrimonial responsibility of the debtor rules of evidence; prescription and decay. For students registered in SSL, the program is limited to n. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9.

A. Introduction 1. Positive law and interpretation: historicity of law and limits of the exegetic method. 2. Origins of Company law: the age of the Italian city-states. 3. The Italian city-states system as an anticipation of bourgeois modernity . 4. Ius mercatorum as a rational proto-capitalistic law: the 'new' private law of the communes age and the 'new' business law. From the protection of property (rural economy) to the protection of contracts (proto-capitalist economy). 5. The common root at the origins of company law: the new rational discipline of credit and the optimization of cost allocation (the monitoring of credit risk): 1) asset partitioning; 2) partnership and unlimited partners’ liability; 3) the new bankruptcy discipline. B. Entrepreneur 1. Notion of entrepreneur: defining norms and applicable discipline. 'Essentialistic' approach and 'functional' approach. 2. The notion of enterprise between law and economics. 3. The aim of profit: history, anthropology, law. C. Azienda and competition 1. Regulation of concern (azienda) 2. Regulation of competition: reasons for a 'promerchant' solution. D. Non-stock corporations (Società Personali) 1. The regulation of collective entrepreneurship and proto-capitalistic financing: from the società semplice to the società in accomandita semplice. 2. Società in nome collettivo. 3. Heterogenesis of the objectives: partnerships and holding companies in family groups E. Stock corporations: the società per azioni 1. The Società per azioni: between the regulation of collective entrepreneurship and company financing. 2. Functional duplication of the società per azioni: from the original 'open' corporation to the 'close' corporation. The normative establishment of functional divarication. 3. Società per azioni and the progressive 'liberalization' of positive law: financial markets and the equalization of different and eventually antithetic peremptory norms. 4. Società per azioni, 'azione sociale', financial instruments and capital markets: the meaning of mandatory disclosure. 5. Discipline of the società per azioni: ownership, management and control. 6. Discipline of the società per azioni: balance sheet. 7. The corporate governance debate. 8. Financial structure of the società per azioni: normative evolution of the debt-to-equity ratio discipline and the severance of ownership and control. 9. Società per azioni and capital operations: capital increase, merger and de-merger. 10. Sale of stakes F. Stock corporations: società in accomandita and società a responsabilità limitata 1. The società in accomandita. 2. The s.r.l. G. Stock corporations: groups, transformations and winding up. 1. Groups and the regulation of the so called unitary direction: between civil and commercial law. 2. Discipline of transformation and winding up

Subject of the course will be the right of association and the right of employment relationships and, in particular: - To the right of association: the historical evolution of the Right Italian; the trade union organization; Freedom of Association; representation and trade union representation; corporate union representation (in the private sector and in the public sector) and trade union rights in the workplace; the collective agreement (models, structure, effectiveness, mandatory nature); the relationship between collective agreements and between collective bargaining and the law; collective bargaining in the civil service "privatized"; the collective dispute (the right to strike in its general outlines legal -nature, ownership, boundaries - and other forms of industrial action); the strike in essential public services; lockout; the repression of the anti-union behavior; - To the right of the employment relationship: the sources of labor law; the concepts of subordination, autonomy and parasubordination; the organization of the labor market and the establishment of relations; the type of employment contracts (fixed-term contract, parttime, temp work, etc.). the Governing power of the employer (general profiles, the discipline and the tasks of the employee's transfer, the working time management); the power of control and disciplinary power; the protection of health and safety in the workplace; remuneration (constitutional profiles, concept and structure, wage automation); the suspension of the employment relationship; layoffs; of the surplus personnel; the layoffs of discipline. Particular attention is given to developing skills in understanding and drafting of written texts. Students will be asked to rework, even in writing, analysis of case law material and / or doctrinal. Even the interim and final tests are in written form. In order to enrich the educational offer of the course giving the right space at the professional dimension, there is the testimony of a lawyer, a job counselor or a corporate lawyer who will explain in practical terms what it means today to be applying the law. Students are advised to check the detailed schedule of classes posted on DIR for the topics of the individual lectures.

The course is dedicated to the analysis of the global age, with an interdisciplinary approach. The phenomenon of globalization will be described in its political, economic, social and cultural dimensions. The special part of the course will focus on the identity issue, connecting the national level with the European and global ones.

This course aims at reflecting on the main socio-political theories about the contemporary age, with particular reference to globalisation and the coeval evolution of the political theory, to the concept of power, to the forms of democracy and the crisis of representation. Moreover, the course will focus on the most relevant streams of the contemporary political thought (liberalism, socialism, communism, fascism, anarchism) and the political philosophy (from classics to post-modernity). Particular attention will be paid to the concept of populism in all its forms.