Ateneo - UPO

The course provides the theoretical and methodological foundations for the design and conduct of experimental studies in basic and preclinical biomedical research. The main experimental models used in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo research will be addressed, together with the principles of the scientific method, literature searching and critical appraisal, experimental planning, data interpretation, and communication of scientific results.

Teaching materials provided by the lecturers, including lecture slides and scientific articles.

The course aims to provide students with the theoretical knowledge and methodological tools required to understand, select, and use the main experimental models employed in biomedical research. It also aims to develop students' ability to critically evaluate scientific literature, formulate research hypotheses, and design appropriate experimental protocols, fostering a critical and rigorous approach to scientific research.

Basic knowledge of cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, and histology is required, particularly regarding the mechanisms regulating cell growth, gene expression, and the main recombinant DNA technologies. Basic proficiency in English is also required for searching and understanding scientific literature.

Lectures and practical activities involving literature searches and critical analysis of scientific articles, aimed at deepening students' understanding of the experimental methodologies and models covered in the course.

Attendance is mandatory. Students are encouraged to bring their own laptop to participate in teaching activities. Alternatively, they may share a computer with another student. Teaching materials will be available on the course's DIR online platform.

Students with physical disabilities, Specific Learning Disorders (SLD), or Special Educational Needs (SEN) can request specific services and tools dedicated to them by contacting the Student Development and Career Coordination Staff and the Student Services team, and by consulting the dedicated page on the university's website: https://www.uniupo.it/en/services/services-students-physical-or-learning- disabilities.

Assessment consists of a written examination comprising 30 questions (12+18), predominantly multiple-choice, covering the contents of both modules. The examination aims to assess students' knowledge of the main experimental models and scientific research methodologies, including experimental design, critical analysis of scientific literature, and communication of research findings.

Introduction to the scientific method and the main stages of the research process. Literature searching, critical review of scientific literature, and analysis of scientific articles. Formulation of research hypotheses, selection of variables, experimental design, data collection and interpretation, and identification and minimization of experimental artifacts and bias. Presentation and dissemination of scientific findings.

Principles and applications of the main experimental models used in basic and preclinical research. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems: primary, stem, and cancer cells; cell manipulation, engineering, and preservation; co-culture systems, spheroids, scaffolds, and organoids. Organ-on-chip systems and their applications in the investigation of physiological and pathological processes. Animal models, with particular emphasis on murine models and emerging model organisms. Principles of animal welfare, relevant legislation, and the 3Rs principle.

Upon completion of the course, students will have acquired knowledge of the main experimental models and technologies used in basic and preclinical biomedical research, as well as the fundamental principles of the scientific method.

Students will be able to understand the potential and limitations of different experimental models, critically evaluate scientific literature, identify appropriate methodological approaches, and apply the acquired knowledge to the design of an experimental protocol.

They will also have developed familiarity with the main laboratory techniques and with methods for interpreting and communicating scientific results.