Oral exam on the books listed in the bibliography and on texts archived in DIR. The exam (12 cfu) last more or less 40 minutes. However, the exam can be divided into two different parts lasting 20 minutes each, and corresponding to module I and module II (in this case the final grade will be the result of the average of the marks obtained in the two tests). 1. Some questions will verify the overall knowledge achieved: 40% of the final mark. 2. Some questions will concern the analysis of ancient texts, modern texts and texts important for the “questione della lingua”: 40% of the final mark. 3. The oral presentation and the dialectical conversation will be evaluated. 20% of the final mark.

Oral exam on the books listed in the bibliography. The exam last more or less 20 minutes. Students will be asked to answer five or six questions: 1. Four questions will verify the overall knowledge achieved: they may concern the debates on the Italian language from Dante to the present time. 40% of the final mark. 2. The questions will include a comment of texts antologized and texts archived in DIR. 40% of the final mark. 3. The oral presentation and the dialectical conversation with the teacher will be evaluated. 20% of the final mark.

Oral exam on the books listed in the bibliography and on texts archived in DIR. The exam last more or less 20 minutes. Students will be asked to answer five or six questions: 1. two questions will verify the overall knowledge achieved: they may concern historical grammars and dictionaries, the origins of the Italian language, the actors of the linguistic history of Italy in the Middle Age. 30% of the final mark. 2. four questions will concern ancient texts analized (some of these texts are not included in the book written by Maconi and Volpi, but are archived in DIR). 45% of the final mark. 3. the oral presentation and the dialectical conversation with the teacher will be evaluated. 25% of the final mark.

Oral exam (minimum 50% of the assessment) In itinere exercises (for attending students only, max 50% of the assessment): the student will be requested to answer to one or two open questions and to analyze one or two case studies, for example loci vexati or critical apparatuses.

At the end of the course there will be an evaluation test in the form of an oral exam, with a minimum duration of twenty minutes, tending to verify the achievement of the training objectives by: 1. Recognizing the images of the selected manual; 2. Descriptive capacity of the same; 3. Ability to relate the works with the cultural, artistic, and architectural contexts of the reference period; 4. Knowledge of the figurative and representative codes; 5. Possession of the specific terminology of the discipline. In particular, the following weight will be given to the verification of the achievement of the training objectives: 1. 20%; 2. 20%; 3. 40%; 4. 10%; 5. 10 %.

The exam is aimed at verifying the achievement of the educational objectives. It consists of a written or oral test chosen by the candidate. In the written test the candidate will have to present his / her knowledge on four topics decided by the teacher. The written test lasts 90 minutes; the oral test lasts about 25 minutes. The mark is given on the basis of 30 possible points. The exam will be considered successful with a minimum score of 18 points. The results of the written test will be notified at each candidate individually on "Esse3 - Computer Services" platform. The candidate may check the results of his/her test during office hours. The mark is assessed according to the following criteria: - from 18 to 21/30: acceptable knowledge and comprehension of the basic concepts of the books indicated in the bibliography; sufficient critical reasoning skills and ability to make mental association; fair ability to organize and present the acquired knowledge clearly and effectively and to communicate the issues by using an appropriate terminology; fair ability to acquire new skills; - from 22 to 25/30: the same items with a satisfactory performance; - from 26 to 28/30: the same items with a good performance; - from 29 to 30/30 (with possible honours): the same items with an excellent performance.

The final test consists into an interview of about 30'. The interview starts with the discussion on a subject chosen by the student (about 10'). If the student has written a personal research thesis the interview will continue with a discussion on the thesis, otherwise it will include two more question on subjects chosen by the teacher. The examination will be passed if the student will have reached ht emote of at least 18/30. To the final evaluation contribute 1) the ability to speak fluently of the required subjects (20%), 2) the mastering of the fundamentals of the discipline (50%) and 3) the ability to express motivated personal opinions on the different subjects of the discipline (30%).

Oral exam, about 20 minutes. The questions will assess: the student's ability to contextualize the topics learned in time and space; the acquisition of an organic vision of the disciplinary issues; the ability to use them into a coherent and correct exposition, also with a scientific language; the personal critical elaboration of the topics. The exam is divided into 3-4 questions and concerns on the indicated bibliography, as well as for students attending, on the topics discussed during the lessons. The questions will concern: the main issues of history of cultural heritage (Tosco’s book), and the insights concerning the history of conflicts for cultural heritage. Vote, expressed in thirtieths, takes place on the basis of the following parameters: 1) knowledge of the fundamental notions of bibliography and, for attending students, of the topics covered during the lessons (20 points out of 30); 2) reasoning skills critic on the topics (5 points out of 30); 3) ability to express and communicate, and to use a scientific language (5 points out of 30). The exam will be successful if the sum of 18/30 is reached or exceeded. It will be evaluated as excellent: an accurate knowledge of topics, articulated synthesis and criticism skills; excellent expressive mastery. It will be evaluated as fairly good: knowledge of topics that is not entirely punctually, and the use of correct but not completely scientific language. It will be evaluated as adequate: basic knowledge of the program that does not go beyond the brief presentation of the issues, the inability to express a critical approach, and the use of a language not entirely correct and appropriate. It will be evaluated as inadequate: obvious gaps in the study, inability to orient themselves within the issues and use of incorrect and inappropriate language.

Oral exam, about 20 minutes. The questions will assess: the student's ability to contextualize the topics learned in time and space; the acquisition of a complete control of the disciplinary issues; the ability to use them into a coherent and correct exposition, also with a scientific language; the personal critical elaboration of the topics, with attention to the aspect of communication and possible applications to teaching discipline. The exam is divided into 3-4 questions and concerns on the indicated bibliography, as well as for students attending, on the topics discussed during the lessons. The questions will concern: the main issues of environmental history and the relationship between environmentalism and history of the environment; the debate on the concept of Anthropocene; commons and forms of ownership and use of resources; history of water; animal history; biodiversity , environment al history and the discussion on cultural heritage; the history of tourism and the relationship with the environment. Vote, expressed in thirtieths, takes place on the basis of the following parameters: 1) knowledge of the fundamental notions of bibliography and, for attending students, of the topics covered during the lessons (20 points out of 30); 2) reasoning skills critic on the topics (5 points out of 30); 3) ability to express and communicate, and to use a scientific language, even for teaching application (5 points out of 30). The exam will be successful if the sum of 18/30 is reached or exceeded. It will be evaluated as excellent: an accurate knowledge of topics, articulated synthesis and criticism skills; excellent expressive mastery and communication, and ability to apply for teaching the topics discussed. It will be evaluated as fairly good: knowledge of topics that is not entirely punctually, and the use of correct but not completely scientific language, not very suitable for communication, and with a not full ability to apply the subject to teaching. It will be evaluated as adequate: basic knowledge of the program that does not go beyond the brief presentation of the issues, the inability to express a critical approach, and the use of a language not entirely correct and appropriate, with limited communication skills and lack of awareness of teaching applications. It will be evaluated as inadequate: obvious gaps in the study, inability to orient themselves within the issues and use of incorrect and inappropriate language, lacking the ability to communicate and discuss themes, and to apply them to teaching.

Written test with 4 open questions, to be also discussed orally; final oral test. The written test is a decisive element for the assessing and checking actual knowledge, whereas the final oral discussion is an occasion to remedy possible negative results in the previous test. The written test and the oral discussion are equally relevant. ALL TESTS ARE CONDUCTED IN ENGLISH.

The exam is usually held in oral form; applications should be to ensure the full knowledge of the discipline , the student's ability to discuss and argue in a critical way on various aspects of it . At the student's request , the examination will also be carried out in written form, through the administration of open-ended questions , that will go to ensure complete understanding of the discipline and the student's ability to describe, critically contents.

For both courses there is an oral exam; the exam will be passed when the grade is equal to or greater than 18/30. The final evaluation of the integrated exam will take into account the marks obtained in the single tests of the two teaching units of which it is composed and the evaluation of the overall degree of in-depth knowledge, autonomy in their application and communication skills, as specified by the training objectives and expected learning outcomes. In particular: Teaching Unit Applied Linguistics: Oral exam lasting about 30 minutes. Questions will be asked on the various reference texts indicated in the program and on the study topics contained therein and studied in depth in class. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the evaluation of the appropriate use of the specific metalanguage, the accuracy and appropriateness of the answers, which must show autonomy of judgment, argumentative coherence and depth of analysis. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an in-depth assessment and autonomous processing skills demonstrated during the exam. Teaching Unit Advanced historical Linguistics The final exam includes an oral exam lasting about 30 minutes, aimed at verifying the acquisition of knowledge included between the training objectives and the expected learning outcomes through a structure in 3 sections: Section 1 = questions on theoretical and methodological aspects concerning linguistic change as it is influenced by external factors; Section 2 = discussion of linguistic data on which to test both the theoretical and methodological knowledge acquired and the skills of empirical analysis (especially on the basis of the material examined during the course and uploaded to the DIR); Section 3 = teaching methods for teaching glottology and linguistics. The formulation of the overall mark will be based on the following elements: use of appropriate scientific terminology = 10% of the evaluation; answers to questions in Section 1) = 40% of the assessment; answers to questions in Section 2) = 40% of the assessment; answers to questions in Section 3) = 10% of the assessment. To achieve sufficiency, the student must know the main problems relating to the relationship between language and society in diachrony and be able to analyze relevant linguistic data (in particular on the evolution of the expression of courtesy) at least at a basic level. To obtain a higher evaluation, the student must demonstrate autonomy of judgment, argumentative consistency and depth of analysis. Honors will be awarded in the case of high accuracy in all answers.

The final exam is oral and takes approximately 30 minutes. Candidates will be expected to answer some questions showing knowledge and understanding of the relevant topics, and using appropriate scientific terminology. More precisely, the exam is structured as follows, namely it is made up of 3 sections: Sect. 1 = questions on the notions learnt about language change as influenced by external factors; Sect. 2 = analysis and discussion of data on which to test both the theoretical and methodological knowledge acquired and the ability of applying it empirically (mainly on the basis of the material examined during the course and put on DIR); Sect. 3 = didactic methodologies. The final evaluation will be based on the following criteria: use of appropriate scientific terminology = 10%; answers to questions from Section 1 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 2 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 3 = 10%. The exam will be passed successfully if the final grade is equal to or higher than 18/30. In order to get 18/30, students should show knowledge of the relationship between language and society from a diachronic perspective and should be able to analyze the relevant data (mainly on the evolution of the expression of politeness) at a basic level at least. In order to achieve a higher grade, students should show capacity of autonomous judgment, coherence and insight in answering. Exams may be passed with a full grade (30/30) “cum laude” only if demonstrating high accuracy in all the replies.

Oral examination; The exam will be passed when the grade is equal to or greater than 18/30. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the assessment of the appropriate use of the specific metalanguage and the accuracy and appropriateness of the responses to the questions on the texts indicated in the program and in class. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an in-depth assessment and ability to autonomous processing.

The final exam consists of an interview of 4-5 questions and addresses the topics dealt with in the class and the bibliography assigned*. Visits to monuments and exhibition done during the course are an integral part of the program and are subject to examination. During the exam it is advisable to have the images of the course with you. Vote of the exam is valuated in 30/30 points and based on the following parameters: 1) knowledge of the main and principal notions presented in the lessons and in the texts indicated in the bibliography * (18 points out of 30); 2) critical reasoning capability and associations and connections (6 out of 30); 3) ability to discourse knowledge and to express it effectively and linearly, using the specialized vocabulary, where needed (6 out of 30). * For non-attending students, only on the assigned bibliography. In case of suspension of activities in the presence due to a pandemic emergency for COVID19 (or other causes), the exams can be held remotely in a manner that will be established based on the Rectoral UPO legislation that will be in force.

Verification of learning takes place through an oral exam lasting about thirty minutes. The exam aims to assess the student's ability to apply the knowledge acquired during the course, to verify the autonomy of judgment, the ability to use the disciplinary vocabulary and communication skills. It consists of an interview, divided into 4-5 questions and focuses on the topics covered in class and on the assigned bibliography *. The final exam consists of an interview of 4-5 questions and addresses the topics dealt with in the class and the bibliography assigned*. During the exam it is advisable to have the images of the course with you. The questions concern the texts, the conceptual junctions, the lexicons analyzed during the lessons, the history and the contexts of reference (eg. the archetypal figures of the legend of the artist in antiquity, the social role of the artist in the early Renaissance and his evolution, Lorenzo Ghiberti and the artist's autobiography, the construction of the figure of Giotto, etc.). Vote of the exam is valuated in 30/30 points and based on the following parameters: 1) knowledge of the main and principal notions presented in the lessons and in the texts indicated in the bibliography * (18 points out of 30); 2) critical reasoning capability and associations and connections (6 out of 30); 3) ability to discourse knowledge and to express it effectively and linearly, using the specialized vocabulary, where needed (6 out of 30). * For non-attending Students, only on the assigned bibliography.

The final exam is oral and takes approximately 30 minutes. Candidates will be expected to answer some questions showing knowledge and understanding of the relevant topics, and using appropriate scientific terminology. More precisely, the exam is structured as follows, namely it is made up of 3 sections: Sect. 1 = questions on the notions learnt about language change as influenced by external factors; Sect. 2 = analysis and discussion of data on which to test both the theoretical and methodological knowledge acquired and the ability of applying it empirically (mainly on the basis of the material examined during the course and put on DIR); Sect. 3 = didactic methodologies. The final evaluation will be based on the following criteria: use of appropriate scientific terminology = 10%; answers to questions from Section 1 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 2 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 3 = 10%. The exam will be passed successfully if the final grade is equal to or higher than 18/30. In order to get 18/30, students should show knowledge of the relationship between language and society from a diachronic perspective and should be able to analyze the relevant data (mainly on the evolution of the expression of politeness) at a basic level at least. In order to achieve a higher grade, students should show capacity of autonomous judgment, coherence and insight in answering. Exams may be passed with a full grade (30/30) “cum laude” only if demonstrating high accuracy in all the replies.

Learning will be verified in progress and with a final exam. The evaluation will be based on the following points: 1. During the seminar, students are required to actively participate during seminar discussion; 2. Students will be asked to write down a specimen edition of an unpublished medieval text, which will be presented and discussed in class; 3. Students are required to provide a review (1-2 pages) on a book or article; 4. The oral interview (exam) will conclude the evaluation process with the presentation by the candidate of the work done. Point 1.: 20% of the final evaluation. Point 2.: 30%. Point 3.: 10%. Point 4.: 40%. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the acuteness of the written work and the oral interview.

The exam is aimed at verifying the achievement of the learning objectives. The exam is structured in two parts that can be took on a single day or in two consecutive or non-consecutive calls at student’s discretion. First part (Robbins Richard H., 2015, Antropologia culturale. Un approccio per problemi, a cura di D'Agostino G., Matera V., Torino, Utet Università). The knowledge of the program will be evaluated by an e-test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions. This e-test lasts 30 minutes. 1 point is given to each correct answer. This part of the exam will be considered successful with a minimum of 18 correct answers. Second part (Dei F., a cura di, 2018, Cultura, scuola, educazione: la prospettiva antropologica, Ospedaletto, Pacini). The knowledge of the program will be evaluated by a written or an oral test. The candidate may choose the way to be tested. During the exam the candidate will have to present his / her knowledge on one topic decided by the teacher. This part will also allow to verify the communication skills. The written test lasts 60 minutes; the oral test lasts 25 minutes approximately. The mark is given on the basis of 30 possible points. This second part of the exam will be considered successful with a minimum score of 18 points. The final mark is determined by taking an average of the two partial marks on the basis of 30 possible points and is assessed according to the following criteria: - from 18 to 21/30: acceptable knowledge and comprehension of the basic concepts of the discipline and of the ethnographic research field; sufficient ability to understand and to conceptualize the anthropological change which took place in Italy in the 20th century; fair ability to apply the acquired knowledge and to communicate the issues using an appropriate terminology; fair ability to acquire new skills; - From 22 to 25/30: the same items with a satisfactory performance; - From 26 to 28/30: the same items with a good performance; - From 29 to 30/30 (with possible honours): the same items with an excellent performance. The candidate will find the results of the first part on the DIR website (registration number + mark); the final mark will be notified on “Esse3 – Computer Services” e-platform. The candidate may check the results of his/her test during office hours.

The overall evaluation will take the final grades of the two exams into account and will be based on the assessment of the whole degree of insightfulness of knowledge, of the degree of autonomy in applying it and of the communicative skills, consistently with the mission and intended learning objectives. Advanced Historical Linguistics: The final exam is oral and takes approximately 30 minutes. Candidates will be expected to answer some questions showing knowledge and understanding of the relevant topics, and using appropriate scientific terminology. More precisely, the exam is structured as follows, namely it is made up of 3 sections: Sect. 1 = questions on the notions learnt about language change as influenced by external factors; Sect. 2 = analysis and discussion of data on which to test both the theoretical and methodological knowledge acquired and the ability of applying it empirically (mainly on the basis of the material examined during the course and put on DIR); Sect. 3 = didactic methodologies. The final evaluation will be based on the following criteria: use of appropriate scientific terminology = 10%; answers to questions from Section 1 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 2 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 3 = 10%. The exam will be passed successfully if the final grade is equal to or higher than 18/30. In order to get 18/30, students should show knowledge of the relationship between language and society from a diachronic perspective and should be able to analyze the relevant data (mainly on the evolution of the expression of politeness) at a basic level at least. Cognitive Linguistics II Level: The final test consists into an interview of about 30'. The interview starts with the discussion on a subject chosen by the student (about 10'). If the student has written a personal research thesis the interview will continue with a discussion on the thesis, otherwise it will include two more question on subjects chosen by the teacher. The examination will be passed if the student will have reached ht emote of at least 18/30. To the final evaluation contribute 1) the ability to speak fluently of the required subjects (20%), 2) the mastering of the fundamentals of the discipline (50%) and 3) the ability to express motivated personal opinions on the different subjects of the discipline (30%).

The final test consists into an interview of about 30'. The interview starts with the discussion on a subject chosen by the student (about 10'). If the student has written a personal research thesis the interview will continue with a discussion on the thesis, otherwise it will include two more question on subjects chosen by the teacher. The examination will be passed if the student will have reached ht emote of at least 18/30. To the final evaluation contribute 1) the ability to speak fluently of the required subjects (20%), 2) the mastering of the fundamentals of the discipline (50%) and 3) the ability to express motivated personal opinions on the different subjects of the discipline (30%).

The final exam is oral and takes approximately 30 minutes. Candidates will be expected to answer some questions showing knowledge and understanding of the relevant topics, and using appropriate scientific terminology. More precisely, the exam is structured as follows, namely it is made up of 3 sections: Sect. 1 = questions on the notions learnt about language change as influenced by external factors; Sect. 2 = analysis and discussion of data on which to test both the theoretical and methodological knowledge acquired and the ability of applying it empirically (mainly on the basis of the material examined during the course and put on DIR); Sect. 3 = didactic methodologies. The final evaluation will be based on the following criteria: use of appropriate scientific terminology = 10%; answers to questions from Section 1 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 2 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 3 = 10%. The exam will be passed successfully if the final grade is equal to or higher than 18/30. In order to get 18/30, students should show knowledge of the relationship between language and society from a diachronic perspective and should be able to analyze the relevant data (mainly on the evolution of the expression of politeness) at a basic level at least. In order to achieve a higher grade, students should show capacity of autonomous judgment, coherence and insight in answering. Exams may be passed with a full grade (30/30) “cum laude” only if demonstrating high accuracy in all the replies.

For both courses there is an oral exam; the exam will be passed when the grade is equal to or greater than 18/30. The final evaluation of the integrated exam will take into account the marks obtained in the single tests of the two teaching units of which it is composed and the evaluation of the overall degree of in-depth knowledge, autonomy in their application and communication skills, as specified by the training objectives and expected learning outcomes. In particular: Teaching Unit Applied Linguistics 2nd level: Oral exam lasting about 30 minutes. Questions will be asked on the various reference texts indicated in the program and on the study topics contained therein and studied in depth in class. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the evaluation of the appropriate use of the specific metalanguage, the accuracy and appropriateness of the answers, which must show autonomy of judgment, argumentative coherence and depth of analysis. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an in-depth assessment and autonomous processing skills demonstrated during the exam. Teaching Unit Advanced cognitive Linguistics: The final test consists into an interview of about 30'. The interview starts with the discussion on a subject chosen by the student (about 10'). If the student has written a personal research thesis the interview will continue with a discussion on the thesis, otherwise it will include two more question on subjects chosen by the teacher. The examination will be passed if the student will have reached ht emote of at least 18/30. To the final evaluation contribute 1) the ability to speak fluently of the required subjects (20%), 2) the mastering of the fundamentals of the discipline (50%) and 3) the ability to express motivated personal opinions on the different subjects of the discipline (30%).

The final test consists into an interview of about 30'. The interview starts with the discussion on a subject chosen by the student (about 10'). If the student has written a personal research thesis the interview will continue with a discussion on the thesis, otherwise it will include two more question on subjects chosen by the teacher. The examination will be passed if the student will have reached ht emote of at least 18/30. To the final evaluation contribute 1) the ability to speak fluently of the required subjects (20%), 2) the mastering of the fundamentals of the discipline (50%) and 3) the ability to express motivated personal opinions on the different subjects of the discipline (30%).

Oral examination; The exam will be passed when the grade is equal to or greater than 18/30. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the assessment of the appropriate use of the specific metalanguage and the accuracy and appropriateness of the responses to the questions on the texts indicated in the program and in class. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an in-depth assessment and ability to autonomous processing.

The final exam includes an oral examination lasting about 30 minutes. The aim is to verify the full command of the notions presented among the objectives and the expected cultural outcome through an examination including questions on the main problems treated in the course, in order to verify: 1. the acquisition of a critical capacity in the analysis of problems, 2. the acquisition of a critical capacity in the use of sources, 3. the use of appropriate scientific terminology, 4. the ability to establish links between the topics. Points will be awarded in percentages: 1. 30%; 2. 30%; 3. 20%; 4 10%; 5. 10%. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an assessment of accuracy, depth of analysis and ability to process knowledge.

For both courses there is an oral exam; the exam will be passed when the grade is equal to or greater than 18/30. The final evaluation of the integrated exam will take into account the marks obtained in the single tests of the two teaching units of which it is composed and the evaluation of the overall degree of in-depth knowledge, autonomy in their application and communication skills, as specified by the training objectives and expected learning outcomes. In particular: Teaching Unit Applied Linguistics 2nd level: Oral exam lasting about 30 minutes. Questions will be asked on the various reference texts indicated in the program and on the study topics contained therein and studied in depth in class. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the evaluation of the appropriate use of the specific metalanguage, the accuracy and appropriateness of the answers, which must show autonomy of judgment, argumentative coherence and depth of analysis. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an in-depth assessment and autonomous processing skills demonstrated during the exam. Teaching Unit Advanced Romance Philology: Learning will be verified in progress and with a final exam. The evaluation will be based on the following points: 1. During the seminar, students are required to actively participate during seminar discussion; 2. Students will be asked to write down a specimen edition of an unpublished medieval text, which will be presented and discussed in class; 3. Students are required to provide a review (1-2 pages) on a book or article; 4. The oral interview (exam) will conclude the evaluation process with the presentation by the candidate of the work done. Point 1.: 20% of the final evaluation. Point 2.: 30%. Point 3.: 10%. Point 4.: 40%. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the acuteness of the written work and the oral interview.

Oral examination; The exam will be passed when the grade is equal to or greater than 18/30. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the assessment of the appropriate use of the specific metalanguage and the accuracy and appropriateness of the responses to the questions on the texts indicated in the program and in class. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an in-depth assessment and ability to autonomous processing.

Learning will be verified in progress and with a final exam. The evaluation will be based on the following points: 1. During the seminar, students are required to actively participate during seminar discussion; 2. Students will be asked to write down a specimen edition of an unpublished medieval text, which will be presented and discussed in class; 3. Students are required to provide a review (1-2 pages) on a book or article; 4. The oral interview (exam) will conclude the evaluation process with the presentation by the candidate of the work done. Point 1.: 20% of the final evaluation. Point 2.: 30%. Point 3.: 10%. Point 4.: 40%. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the acuteness of the written work and the oral interview.

The final exam will consist of a. 3 subjects to be discussed in a written form (5 points each) and of 10 multiple-choice questions (0.5 points each). 10 points will be given to b. a paper of about 20.000 spaces on a subject discussed during the course. Part a of the final test will assess (66,66% of the final grade) the knowledge and understanding of the topic and the skills to make reasonable use of the epistemic outcome. Part b. (33,33%) will assess the communication skills of the students and his/her ability to focus.

At the end of the course there will be an assessment test in the form of an oral examination, lasting a minimum of twenty minutes, aimed at verifying the achievement of the learning objectives through: 1. knowledge of the main monumental and archaeological evidence relating to Longobard domination in Italy. 2. Knowledge of the sources for the history of Longobard domination in Italy. 3. Ability to link sources and works, also in the light of the new developments that have emerged in the last two years, in particular with regard to the role of Pavia as capital of the Longobard kingdom. 4. Possession of discipline-specific terminology. In particular, the following weight will be given to verifying the achievement of the aforementioned educational objectives: 1. 30%; 2. 30%; 3. 20%; 4. 20%.

The final exam is oral and takes approximately 30 minutes. Candidates will be expected to answer some questions showing knowledge and understanding of the relevant topics, and using appropriate scientific terminology. More precisely, the exam is structured as follows, namely it is made up of 3 sections: Sect. 1 = questions on the notions learnt about language change as influenced by external factors; Sect. 2 = analysis and discussion of data on which to test both the theoretical and methodological knowledge acquired and the ability of applying it empirically (mainly on the basis of the material examined during the course and put on DIR); Sect. 3 = didactic methodologies. The final evaluation will be based on the following criteria: use of appropriate scientific terminology = 10%; answers to questions from Section 1 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 2 = 40%; answers to questions from Section 3 = 10%. The exam will be passed successfully if the final grade is equal to or higher than 18/30. In order to get 18/30, students should show knowledge of the relationship between language and society from a diachronic perspective and should be able to analyze the relevant data (mainly on the evolution of the expression of politeness) at a basic level at least. In order to achieve a higher grade, students should show capacity of autonomous judgment, coherence and insight in answering. Exams may be passed with a full grade (30/30) “cum laude” only if demonstrating high accuracy in all the replies.

written exam with 10 open-ended questions. each answer receives a score from 0 to 3 points it is aimed to recognize if the students learned how a digital library is built (40%); if they know which criteria to use to evaluate the quality of a digital library (40%); if they are able to clearly express an autonomous and re-elaborated knowledge of the study contents (20%)

written, 10 open-ended questions. each answer receives a score from 0 to 3 points it is aimed to evaluate if the students know how and where to find information (33%); how to manage and use the found information (33%); to efficiently and properly communicate the found information (33%)

Oral examination. For attending students: it will be proposed two questions: the first will focus on a source commented in class, which will be chosen by the student; the second, chosen by the teacher. For non-attending students: two questions on the recommended book.

Oral examination; The exam will be passed when the grade is equal to or greater than 18/30. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the assessment of the appropriate use of the specific metalanguage and the accuracy and appropriateness of the responses to the questions on the texts indicated in the program and in class. Honors will be awarded on the basis of an in-depth assessment and ability to autonomous processing.

Written and oral. The exam will take place in a single day: the candidates will first deal with the written part and then, once the correction of their papers will be completed, the oral one. The students will have two hours of time to conclude the written test, during which they will transcribe the fac-simile of a simple manuscript which they did not read during the lessons and will specify its handwriting type. The students will be allowed to use a Latin-Italian dictionary. During the oral test, candidates will be asked about the general notions they learned in class and by studying th essays indicated in the syllabus and to read the texts they addressed in class exercises. The written test will contribute approximately to the 40% of the final evaluation, while the remaining 60% will be equally divided in the oral checking of the student's general knowledges and his ability to read the manuscripts examined during the lessons.

The exam is oral and will be organized as follows: 1) checking the acquired knowledge on topics treated during the course, in relation to specific themes concerning the material culture in the Middle Ages (example of question: “which are the main productions in the Middle Ages?”); 2) check of the ability to apply knowledge and its understanding, by contextualizing the main examined phenomena , in time, space and in an appropriate historical framework (example of question: “what about the widespread of the urban graves, in what period do you frame this phenomenon and why it appears very innovative with respect to the classical antiquity?” or “when arose the “incastellamento” and what is the contribution of Medieval Archaeology to understanding the factual reasons leading to fortifications development?”); 3) check of the ability in expressing critical assessments about the historiography considered and the bibliography proposed (example of question: do you think that in the essay “X” the issue of the transformation of the funerary rituals is exhaustively treated?”); 4) check of the ability in communicating acquired knowledge and in organizing a synthetic presentation of the main problems (example of question: “would you give a synthetic presentation of the main issues about the towns’ transformation in the Early Middle Ages?”). During the exam, at least 3 questions will be posed; the identification and critical comment of images concerning sites/contexts/artefacts analyzed during the course will be considered as an important part of the exam. The grades are given in thirtieths, according to the following parameters: 1) knowledge and understanding of the basic notions and contexts treated in the course and their clear exposition: 18 points out of 30 (sufficiency); 2) adequate skill in acknowledging images and in making comments on them, as well as in contextualizing them, from an historical, archaeological and historiographical perspective: 6 points out of 30; 3) adequate skill in connecting subjects and methodological approaches as well as in using scientific terminology associated to the discipline: 6 points out of 30.

Oral examination. Attending students: it will be proposed three questions: the first question will focus on a source illustrated and commented in class (the students will find the sources on DIR); the second and the third questions will focus on Marcone, Giuliano. Non-attending students: one of three questions will focus on P. Brown, Il mondo tardo antico. In order to achieve a minimum mark (18/30), the student should be familiar with the basics. The formulation of the overall mark will be based on the following elements: use of appropriate scientific terminology 10% of the assessment; for the answer to the three questions, 30% for each of them.

The final exam consists of an oral test in three sections. The correct translation and analysis of morphological and syntactic structures of a section of the text on the syllabus will enable the assessment of the knowledge of the Greek language (60% weight in the exam evaluation); the interpretation of the text in the context of the themes discussed in the module, the discussion of possible didactic use of the text in school teaching, and the analysis of the historical and literary interpretation will enable the assessment of the knowledge of Greek history, of the history of Greek literature and of didactic methods (30 % weight in the exam evaluation). The knowledge of philological concepts will be tested through the interpretation of the critical apparatus of one of the editions used (10 % weight in the exam evaluation). A passing grade must be acquired in each section of the exam. The final grade will be based on the degree of knowledge and understanding of the texts and of the linguistic, literary, philological and didactic concepts, on the ability to apply knowledge to the text or to the proposed interpretation problem, and on the degree of expressive and communicative capacity.

The exam includes a WRITTEN (50% weighting on the exam grade) and an ORAL (50% weighting the exam grade). Passing the written test is a necessary condition to access the oral. The written test consists of a short translation WITH DICTIONARY of a Latin text not covered in class, but of the same style, genre and historical period. The oral exam will consist of the translation and grammatical-syntactic analysis of one of the passages read and translated in class (60% of the weight of the oral exam), which will then have to be framed within the literary, historical, philological and cultural context (40% of the weight of the oral test), followed by a question on all the texts present in the programme. To pass the exam, it will be necessary to answer at least sufficiently each of the questions. Exams in which it is evident that even just one of the texts in the program has not been read will not be considered sufficient. All regular and attending students of Magistral Latin Literature B who have already taken the written exam of Magistral Latin Literature A in the a.y. are EXEMPT from the written test. 21-22 (prof. Borgna) with a grade equal to or higher than 24/30. The exemption from the script DOES NOT APPLY to students who, despite having already passed the script in Latin Literature Magistral A, are NOT ATTENDING or enrolled in SINGLE COURSES. Non-attending students and those enrolled in single courses will also have to take a METRIC READING test of Latin texts in poetry. In the case of particularly brilliant exams, honors will be assigned according to the following criteria: (i) grade of the written exam equal to or higher than 27/30; (ii) ability to move critically within the historical-political panorama studied and with particular linguistic properties. Students who have attended at least 75% of the lessons will be considered attending students. Non-attending students will have to bring the specific program to the exam.

Learning will be verified in progress and with a final exam. The evaluation will be based on the following points: 1. During the seminar, students are required to actively participate during seminar discussion; 2. Students will be asked to write down a specimen edition of an unpublished medieval text, which will be presented and discussed in class; 3. Students are required to provide a review (1-2 pages) on a book or article; 4. The oral interview (exam) will conclude the evaluation process with the presentation by the candidate of the work done. Point 1.: 20% of the final evaluation. Point 2.: 30%. Point 3.: 10%. Point 4.: 40%. Honors will be awarded on the basis of the acuteness of the written work and the oral interview.

Letteratura italiana magistrale I The final exam consists of an oral exam, which will focus on the following points: (1) Verification of knowledge of the texts of Italian Renaissance literature (general part): a question about a work, an author, a problem, referring to the manual adopted (indicated under "Textbooks") - 30% of the weight on the exam grade; (2) Verification of the ability to examine and interpret the texts (with particular attention to the topic of the course), and together of communication skills and the ability to express judgments: a question on one or more texts among those included in the booklet prepared by teacher - 35% of the weight on the exam grade; (3) Verification of the ability to examine and interpret texts, express judgments, and apply oneself to the analysis of the literary text: a question consisting of the paraphrase, analysis and comment of a passage among those anthologized in the manual adopted or in the dossier prepared by teacher - 35% of the weight on the exam mark. To pass the exam, it will be necessary to answer at least sufficiently to each of the questions. The assessment is based on the degree of knowledge and understanding of the texts and authors, the ability to apply knowledge to the text or to the interpretative problem proposed, the degree of expressive and communicative capacity Letteratura italiana magistrale II: Written or oral. The examination, either in oral form or written, includes Theoretical-methodological part: one or more questions related to the dialogical aspects of the literary experience and its teaching, with particular attention to the historical phenomenology of literary traditions and to the stylistic and linguistic phenomena of the representation of the reported speech in the modern novel. Focus seminar: analysis, interpretation, and comment of an excerpt from one or more literary texts or from one of the films in the program in the light of the link between reported speech and performative narrative with its outcomes of manipulation of reality and its ethical, ideological and social effects. The student is thus asked to demonstrate: 1. KNOWLEDGE Knowledge of the fundamental conceptual nuclei focused on during the course concerning the constitutively dialogical character of the literary experience and its teaching, with particular attention to the historical phenomenology of literary traditions and the stylistic and linguistic phenomena of the representation of the reported speech in the modern novel. In-depth knowledge of the texts and films in the program dedicated to the link between reported speech and performative narrative. COMPETENCES Acquisition of some fundamental notions of literary criticism, literary theory, and aesthetics of literature related to the dialogic aspects of the literary experience and its teaching, their critical use in the analysis and commentary of a text, and their active and interactive use in the teaching of literature. Acquisition of the methodological tools presented and discussed during the course for the construction of monographic didactic paths that pay attention both to the thematic aspects and to the stylistic-compositional aspects of the works examined. Acquisition of methodological tools for teaching reading, analysis, and commentary on the literary text, with particular attention to narratological analysis and the forms of the reported speech. 3. TRANSVERSALS SKILLS Being able how to present with clarity and argumentative effectiveness, using the appropriate terminology, the results of the readings carried out. In particular, the following weight will be given to the verification of the achievement of the training objectives: 1. 40%; 2. 40%; 3. 20%; N.B. The evaluation of the written exam will include the grammatical correctness (orthography, morphology, syntax) The final grade will be the result of the average of the grades of the two exams Letteratura italiana magistrale and Letteratura italiana magistrale II

The final exam consists of an oral exam, which will focus on the following points: (1) Verification of knowledge of the texts of Italian Renaissance literature (general part): a question about a work, an author, a problem, referring to the manual adopted (indicated under "Textbooks") - 30% of the weight on the exam grade; (2) Verification of the ability to examine and interpret the texts (with particular attention to the topic of the course), and together of communication skills and the ability to express judgments: a question on one or more texts among those included in the booklet prepared by teacher - 35% of the weight on the exam grade; (3) Verification of the ability to examine and interpret texts, to express judgments, and to apply oneself to the analysis of the literary text: a question consisting in the paraphrase, analysis and comment of a passage among those anthologized in the manual adopted or in the dossier prepared by teacher - 35% of the weight on the exam mark. To pass the exam, it will be necessary to answer at least sufficiently to each of the questions. The assessment is based on the degree of knowledge and understanding of the texts and authors in the program, on the ability to apply knowledge to the text or to the interpretative problem proposed, and on the degree of expressive and communicative capacity.

Students can choose between the written and the oral form of examination in presence. On-line exam (in case of health necessity): oral exam. The examination, either in oral form or in written, includes Theoretical-methodological part: one or more questions related to the dialogical aspects of the literary experience and its teaching, with particular attention to the historical phenomenology of literary traditions and to the stylistic and linguistic phenomena of the representation of the reported speech in the modern novel. 2) Focus seminar: analysis, interpretation, and comment of an excerpt from one or more literary texts or from one of the films in the program in the light of the link between reported speech and performative narrative - from gossip to conspiracy theories passing through fake news - with its outcomes of manipulation of reality and its ethical, ideological and social effects. The student is thus asked to demonstrate: 1. KNOWLEDGE Knowledge of the fundamental conceptual nuclei focused on during the course concerning the constitutively dialogical character of the literary experience and its teaching, with particular attention to the historical phenomenology of literary traditions and the stylistic and linguistic phenomena of the representation of the reported speech in the modern novel. In-depth knowledge of the texts and films included in the path dedicated to the representation of the the link between reported speech and performative narrative - from gossip to conspiracy theories passing through fake news - with its outcomes of manipulation of reality and its ethical, ideological and social effects. COMPETENCES Acquisition of some fundamental notions of literary criticism, literary theory, and aesthetics of literature related to the dialogic aspects of the literary experience and its teaching, their critical use in the analysis and commentary of a text, and their active and interactive use in the teaching of literature. Acquisition of the methodological tools presented and discussed during the course for the construction of monographic didactic paths that pay attention both to the thematic aspects and to the stylistic-compositional aspects of the works examined. Acquisition of methodological tools for teaching reading, analysis, and commentary on the literary text, with particular attention to narratological analysis and the forms of the reported speech. 3. TRANSVERSALS SKILLS Being able how to present with clarity and argumentative effectiveness, using the appropriate terminology, the results of the readings carried out. In particular, the following weight will be given to the verification of the aforementioned achievement of the training objectives: 1. 40%; 2. 40%; 3. 20%; N.B. The evaluation of the written exam will include the grammatical correctness (orthography, morphology, syntax).

Oral exam, c. 20/30’ long, consisting of four questions, at least one of which will be a general one on the course contents and at least two will concern the analysis and commentary of single works of art, through the observation of digital images on the computer or transmitted via whatsapp on the mobile phone. For the purposes of the learning objectives, the following will be assessed in particular: Educational objective A: Knowledge • Knowledge and understanding: to know the main iconographic fields and fundamental genres of Italian and European art, especially in relation to the political situation, the contemporary literary, theatrical and musical expressions and, more generally, the thought of the period (40% of the overall assessment will be attributed to this aspect). Educational objective B: Skills • 1. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: to recognise the history or genre affiliation of certain works of art proposed, through photographs shown on the computer or transmitted via whatsapp on the mobile phone (20% of the overall assessment); • 2. Autonomy of judgement: to critically analyse and explain the iconography of a work of art belonging to the period studied (20% of the overall assessment). Educational objective C: Communication • Communication skills: being able to use a clear, appropriate and correct terminology (20% of the overall assessment). An exam demonstrating a knowledge of the programme limited to a brief exposition of the main topics, without personal critical evaluations and using essential and only partially appropriate and correct terminology, will be considered sufficient. The exam will be judged excellent if it demonstrates an articulate, detailed and precise knowledge of the programme and the topics discussed along the course, excellent judgement and synthesis skills, a full command of terms and fluency of language.

No differences in the assessment methods is foreseen for those who attend classes and those who does not. The exam will consist of: a. a written paper of ca. 20.000 characters to be submitted one week before the day of the written exam. The students are expected to submit a paper containing a critical account of the monograph chosen for the presentation. The paper will be graded with a mark from 18 to 30. Students who will not attend classes will choose freely a group of the texts in the syllabus. A vademecum containing guidelines on how to write the paper will be uploaded by lecturer on the platform DIR. b. an oral exam, consisting of app. 3 questions, addressing the content of the paper sent beforehand and that of the first book (text 1) of the group chosen. The oral exam will be graded with a mark from 18 to 30. The overall mark will result from the average of the two grades achieved in the parts a. and b. Example: a student who has chosen the group A will write a paper on Bloxham's book "Il grande gioco" and answer three questions on Zürcher´s history of the Ottoman Empire (Porta d'oriente). Here is a synthetic description of the results requested by the lecturer to achieve different grade ranges: - an imprecise knowledge of concepts and events, expressed in an incorrect language and with the production of texts (both the paper and the written test) structured as a series of notion with no solid conceptual links between them will be evaluated as sufficient. Corresponding grade range: 18-22. - a deeper but not particularly detailed knowledge of concepts and events, expressed in correct language, sufficient to aptly describe a topic, and with the production of clear and structured texts, but still devoid of an overall homogeneous structure, will be considered as moderately good. Corresponding grade range: 22-26. - A solid knowledge that displays a clear grasp of the connections between different phenomena and the capacity to autonomously handle the conceptual tolls acquired with the study, applying them to different events, with a production of texts that manifest a capacity to put the notions acquired into a logically structured discourse will be considered satisfying. It will be considered fully satisfying if the student will show a capacity to deal with the chosen texts in a critical way, pinpointing the author’s opinions and treating then as informed points of view with which to critically engage. Corresponding grade range: 27-30 cum laude.

Oral exam, c. 20/30’ long, consisting of four questions, at least one of which will be a general one on the course contents and at least two will concern the analysis and commentary of single works of art, through the observation of digital images on the computer or transmitted via whatsapp on the mobile phone. For the purposes of the learning objectives, the following will be assessed in particular: Educational objective A: Knowledge • Knowledge and understanding: to know basically the most important painters, sculptors and architects from the Neoclassical period to the twentieth century, also in relation to other cultural expressions of the time and, more generally, to contemporary thought (this aspect will be awarded 40% of the overall assessment). Educational objective B: Skills • 1. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding: to recognise and relate a work of art to a specific author and cultural context (20% of the overall assessment); • 2. Autonomy of judgement: to analyse and evaluate critically art works of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, making independent critical observations (20% of the overall assessment). Educational objective C: Communication • Communication skills: being able to use a clear, appropriate and correct terminology (20% of the overall assessment). An exam demonstrating a knowledge of the programme limited to a brief exposition of the main topics, without personal critical evaluations and using essential and only partially appropriate and correct terminology, will be considered sufficient. The exam will be judged excellent if it demonstrates an articulate, detailed and precise knowledge of the programme and the topics discussed along the course, excellent judgement and synthesis skills, a full command of terms and fluency of language.

The final exam consists of an interview of 4-5 questions and addresses the topics dealt with in the class and the bibliography assigned*. Visits to monuments and exhibition done during the course are an integral part of the program and are subject to examination. During the exam it is advisable to have the images of the course with you. Vote of the exam is valuated in 30/30 points and based on the following parameters: 1) knowledge of the main and principal notions presented in the lessons and in the texts indicated in the bibliography * (18 points out of 30); 2) critical reasoning capability and associations and connections (6 out of 30); 3) ability to discourse knowledge and to express it effectively and linearly, using the specialized vocabulary, where needed (6 out of 30). *(For non-attending Students, only on the assigned bibliography).

Evaluation of the teaching unit prepared by the student (70% of overall evaluation); oral exam on the main aspects and problems of teaching history (30% of overall evaluation)

The exam consists of an oral literature test (45% of the final grade) and a written Latin language test (55% of the final grade). The oral exam is aimed at verifying the essential knowledge of the genres and problems of Latin literature and its authors of the imperial age, the ability to express judgments on the interpretations of Latin literary texts in Italian translation (70% of the weight of the oral exam) . The ability to expose the concepts and data learned in an orderly and clear manner will also be verified, using appropriate language, avoiding mnemonic repetition and moving autonomously between the topics covered, also in the perspective of effective communication from a didactic point of view ( 30% of the weight of the oral exam). The written test is aimed at verifying the knowledge of Latin morphology and syntax (60% of the weight of the written test) and the ability to translate a Latin prose text (40% of the weight of the written test). The written test, lasting a total of 3 hours, consists of: - a grammar test (without dictionary), lasting 1h - a version from Latin into Italian (with dictionary), lasting 2 hours. To pass the test it is necessary to have obtained the sufficiency (18/30) in both parts. This overall written test, however, can be replaced by the THREE ongoing tests that will be held during the hours of practice. Students who have taken all three, reporting an average equal to or greater than 18/30 will be directly admitted to the oral. Even those who have taken the three tests with an average between 16 and 18/30 will not have to repeat the writing, but will bring a grammar supplement (agreed with the teacher) directly to the oral.

Exercises “in itinere” (grammar, listening, speaking and writing). The final examination consists of a written test and an oral exam.

Exercises “in itinere” (grammar, listening, speaking and writing). The final examination consists of a written test and an oral exam.

Written and oral exams separated. Written test consisting of two main parts: grammar and text comprehension. Oral exam includes text reading and speaking, with some oral questions about student’s personal experience (hobbies, interests, future plans, past experiences). The skills in understanding text is tested through the written and the oral test. Students should read, comment and summarize texts of different typologies and should answer to questions about the text and about their personal experience. The skills in using the grammar are tested through the written test and the oral one. In the given grammar exercises students should show to know the grammar rules and in the text productions they should demonstrate to be able to use them. The skills in expressing judges is tested through the oral test. Students should express opinions about different issues and should compare their culture with the German one. The skill to study independently is verified in both through the oral and written test.

Oral examination of about twenty minutes in Italian. At final evaluation will contribute equally the student training on the following topics: • History of Spanish Cultural Identity • The cultural base of Spain's present reality • Specificity of Hispanic culture. To achieve top marks, the student has to demonstrate excellent knowledge of the topics covered in the course, great expressive mastery, mastery of textual analysis terminology, personal content processing skills. An exam will be evaluated as sufficient if the student reveals some lack of preparation in the topics covered, expressive difficulties, not complete mastery of literary technical language and little autonomy of judgment. Finally, the student's exam showing large gaps in preparation, poor expressive ability, minimal knowledge of analysis techniques and no independence of criteria will be considered insufficient.

The exam usually lasts about 25 minutes and takes place in oral form; attending students are usually asked three questions on the salient moments of the course and on the sources discussed and distributed in class. Non-attending students will be asked three questions on the program agreed with the teacher and on the related texts proposed. The exam will verify the knowledge of topics or texts related to the indicated program, the ability to critically describe the historical facts studied, making use of an appropriate terminology. At the request of the student (attending and non-attending), the exam can also be carried out in written form, through the administration of three open-ended questions, which will ascertain the knowledge of the discipline, the student's ability to critically describe the contents, the use of an appropriate language.

Separate written and oral tests. First written test: grammar test (\30). Only students who have passed the grammar test with at least 18/30 can be admitted the second written test (dictation /10); comprehension and expression /20). The final score of the written test is the average between the two tests. Only students who have obtained an average score of 18/30 can be admitted to the oral test. The oral test is based on the presentation of the obligatory work monitored during the academic year. The additional points associated to the oral test cannot be more than 3.

The final exam consists of an interview of 4-5 questions and addresses the topics dealt with in the class and the bibliography assigned*. Visits to monuments and exhibition done during the course are an integral part of the program and are subject to examination. During the exam it is advisable to have the images of the course with you. Vote of the exam is valuated in 30/30 points and based on the following parameters: 1) knowledge of the main and principal notions presented in the lessons and in the texts indicated in the bibliography * (18 points out of 30); 2) critical reasoning capability and associations and connections (6 out of 30); 3) ability to discourse knowledge and to express it effectively and linearly, using the specialized vocabulary, where needed (6 out of 30). * For non-attending students, only on the assigned bibliography.

The final exam consists of an oral examination, which will focus on the following points: 1. Verification of knowledge of certain texts of Italian literature from the 1950s to the 1980s, starting with the essays listed above and corresponding to 50% of the exam grade; 2. Testing of skills in analysing and interpreting the texts examined (with particular attention to the texts chosen and presented by the teacher in the classroom; see complete programme/content) and at the same time of communicative skills and the potential to already express an autonomous critical ability, starting with a question on a couple of specific essays, corresponding to 50% of the exam grade. At least sufficient answers to each of the questions are required to pass the examination.