Written test lasting two hours which includes questions on the grammatical topics covered in class, vocalization exercises and translation.

-Listening and conversation practice; - Written and oral tests; - Exam simulation.

The final exam is aimed at verifying the mastery of the topics discussed and the bibliography studied, in accordance with the objectives and the expected learning outcomes. The examination will be in written form (90 minutes). Specifically, the three questions will focus on: 1 a 2) the theoretical bases of disinformation (massimo 20 points), and 3) an example, to be developed or discussed (max. 10 points) The tests will consist of 3 open-ended questions, having as a topic one of the topics discussed during the lessons, for a maximum of 10 points each. The student will have to answer the questions and argue using the appropriate scientific terminology. The exam will be successful if the sum of 18/30 is reached or exceeded. An assignment with an exhaustive answer to the three questions will be assigned the maximum score (30/30) with possible attribution of honors.

Participation and individual seminars (50 % of the final score) Final discussion (50% of the final score)

Oral examination In the oral examination you are asked to develop an interpretation of authors and currents, reflecting on the theme of secularisation and analysing the importance of this concept in the context of European culture and European intellectual history. At a first level, you are required to expound in a clear and linear manner the thought of an author or a philosophical current, using an adequate scientific-disciplinary vocabulary. At a more advanced level, it is required to highlight the nuances and problematics of the thought of an author or a philosophical current, using an articulate and complete disciplinary vocabulary. The oral examination will be assessed on the basis of the intended learning outcomes

The final exam will be oral. The teacher will discuss with the students about a possibile written paper they will present during the exam. Evaluation criteria: - 18-22: basic understanding of the texts; - 23-26: good understanding of the texts and oral exposure; - 27-30: excellent understanding of the texts, oral exposure and critical review of content.

During the oral examination the knowledge of the principal aspects of a wide content and its historical context will be tested (40%); then the analytic and synthetic understanding of a more specific content with peculiar attention to the correctness of the exposition will be tested (30%); at the end the commentary of a text explained during the lectures and a critical and autonomous judgment about it will be required (30%). The questions (at least three) will concern the three aspects mentioned before and the final mark will be given with reference to the indicated percentages. To achieve a sufficient mark, the student must show to know and understand the basic aspects of themes and authors of the programme.

Written paper 4000 words (70%) and active participation (30%). At the end of the course the student should have reached as a minimum threshold: 1. The knowledge of the different models of citizenship and the capability to connect them with the corresponding model of integration. 2. The capability to classify the case-studies undert the different models 3. Ability of a clear and correct exposition The student reaches an advanced competence if: she gets a critical and comparative understanding of the different models 2. She is able to analyze the case studies with an autonomous and critical view. 3. She shows a perfect master of language and technical terms.

The exam in Philosophy of Science is divided into two parts. The first part covers the general programme of the philosophy of science as set out in the lecture and dealt with in the Godfrey-Smith volume (2022) and consists of some open questions (at least three). On the DIR, there will be self-evaluation tests with questions about the covered topics that are similar to those that will be asked in the exam. The second part (50%), on artificial intelligence, consists of two questions on the topics covered in the scheduled volumes on artificial intelligence (T. Numerico,(2021) and Fossa, V. Schiaffonati and G. Tamburrini (eds.), (2021)). Alternatively, attending students may submit a short essay (approx. 15000 characters, including spaces and bibliography) on topics chosen from those scheduled in Part II of the course. Topic and structure of the paper must be agreed in advance with the lecturer and must be submitted at least seven days before the exam. Evaluation criteria: For each of the questions posed, correctness of the answer, comprehension and ability to analyse the topic, and properties of language will be assessed. These elements also determine the assessment of the short essays submitted by the students and the subsequent discussion. The examination will be graded as sufficient (18-23/30) if the student demonstrates knowledge and ability to appropriately expound the basic notions that are the subject of the course, and related critical discussion. It will be assessed as fair (24-27/30) if the student demonstrates the ability to establish links between the topics covered (and possibly other topics studied in his/her course of study). Lastly, the test will be considered excellent (28-30/30 and 30 cum laude) if it shows the student's capacity for critical reflection and autonomous in-depth study.

One proof in itinere. Oral exam.

For non-attending students, the examination will be oral on the examination texts and will last approximately 20 minutes. In addition to mnemonic ability and the ability to use correct language, much weight in the assessment will be given to the ability to critically discuss the texts analysed, to connect them and to be able to discern between the different points of view and disciplinary or action perspectives that the texts convey, understanding their motivations and discussing their effectiveness in bringing about a perspective of rupture and change. For those attending, the examination will be oral, on the discussions held in the classroom and on the short texts agreed with the lecturer. Involvement in the process of discovery, research, analysis and discussion, the ability to critically distance oneself and to evaluate the initiatives analysed, as well as a general understanding of what it means to maintain a sociological perspective, will play an important role in the assessment.

Oral examination on the proposed texts.

written exam with 10 open-ended questions. each answer receives a score from 0 to 3 points it is aimed to recognize if the students learned how a digital library is built (40%); if they know which criteria to use to evaluate the quality of a digital library (40%); if they are able to clearly express an autonomous and re-elaborated knowledge of the study contents (20%)

The Modalities of Verification of the Programme carried out will consist of an oral Examination. It will aim – far beyond the Acquisition of mere notional Data - the Verification on one Hand of a correct Methodology by the Pupils, the Possession of the most relevant conceptual Sets on the other Hand.

Final paper on a topic of your choice agreed with the lecturer and dealing in depth with the topics covered during the course. The final mark is based on the following criteria: relevance of the discussion to the assigned topic; ability to deepen critical profiles; logic and systematic structure of the arguments; use of bibliographic and jurisprudential sources.

Oral and written exam.

Written Essay. 3 questions: two questions about the "institutional part" and one dedicated to the Single Market issues. Questions may cover general issues or specific cases to be solved on the basis of ECJ case-law. The final grade is determined on the basis of the following criteria: relevance and logical coherence of the answer; expository and terminological correctness; ability to argue on the basis of relevant legislation and case law. All questions must be answered to obtain a pass mark.

Oral test consisting of questions to evaluate the capacity of to identify and understand the role of demographic and migration processes in shaping the organization of the territory. The skills in expressing judges and comments are tested through the answers to the questions. Students are requested to comment and compare different phenomena. The skills in studying in a proper way are tested through the answers to the given questions. Students should show their competence in linking different issues together and demonstrate that they have read and studied the lecture notes (student attending lessons) or the suggested bibliography (student not attend student not attending lessons).

Written paper 4000 words (70%) and active participation (30%). At the end of the course the student should have reached as a minimum threshold: 1. The knowledge of the different models of citizenship and the capability to connect them with the corresponding model of integration. 2. The capability to classify the case-studies undert the different models 3. Ability of a clear and correct exposition The student reaches an advanced competence if: she gets a critical and comparative understanding of the different models 2. She is able to analyze the case studies with an autonomous and critical view. 3. She shows a perfect master of language and technical terms.

Oral assessment.The exam will consist in ascertaining the knowledge and understanding of the topics/texts of the programme. The oral test consists of a series of questions (on the topics proposed during the course for attending students, on the indicated bibliography for non-attending students). The exam will focus on the themes of identity, identity development and re-elaboration of the self; culture and multiculturalism; migration (causes and psychological consequences); inclusion. The exam is successful with a score of, at least, 18/30. Honors are earned on the basis of the degree and depth of knowledge, the assessment of coherent connections among topics, the accuracy of both reflection and scientific language.

Final written test with numerical exercises (21 points) and closed answers and questions (10 points). Duration: 1 hour

Final written test with numerical exercises (21 points) and closed answers and questions (10 points). Duration: 1 hour

The exam is aimed at verifying the achievement of the learning objectives. It consists of a written or oral test chosen by the candidate. In the written test the candidate will have to present his/her knowledge on four topics defined by the teacher. The written test lasts 90 minutes; the oral test lasts about 25 minutes. The mark is given based on 30 possible points. The exam will be considered successful with a minimum score of 18 points. The results of the written test will be notified at each candidate individually on "Esse3 - Computer Services" platform. The candidate may check the results of his/her test during office hours. The mark is assessed according to the following criteria: - from 18 to 21/30: acceptable knowledge and comprehension of the basic concepts of the books indicated in the bibliography; sufficient critical reasoning skills and ability to make mental association; fair ability to organize and present the acquired knowledge clearly and effectively and to communicate the issues by using an appropriate terminology; fair ability to acquire new skills; - from 22 to 25/30: the same items with a satisfactory performance; - from 26 to 28/30: the same items with a good performance; - from 29 to 30/30 (with possible honors): the same items with an excellent performance.

The final exam will be oral. The teacher will discuss with the students about a possibile written paper they will present during the exam. Evaluation criteria: - 18-22: basic understanding of the texts; - 23-26: good understanding of the texts and oral exposure; - 27-30: excellent understanding of the texts, oral exposure and critical review of content.

The examination will consist of a written test with open questions. Students will have to answer six questions, two for each of the reference texts for the course. The assessment will take into account: the ability to elaborate and write a text using the appropriate terminology; knowledge and understanding of the fundamental concepts; the ability to make connections between the various themes addressed; critical reasoning and argumentation skills.

Oral examination. Written paper on a chosen topic agreed with the teacher. The examination will focus on the textbooks and on the discussion of the written paper. The paper must be a text between 7 and 10 pages long, with an index agreed with the teacher, which involves the reading and original reinterpretation of texts (it is possible to agree with the teacher the replacement and / or integration of the texts with other in-depth material). The paper must be delivered by the end of the didactic semester. The final grade will be determined by the knowledge of the exam textbooks and the ability to anchor them to real or potential experiences, as well as the quality of the paper and its presentation. Composition of the evaluation: Sufficient evaluation: basic knowledge of the texts, mostly desk written work based on the reading of a single text, sufficient presentation of the paper Intermediate evaluation: thorough knowledge of the texts and written argumentative work, based on the reading of several texts, good presentation of the paper. Honors/Excellence: In-depth knowledge of the texts, argumentative and original written work based on various scientific sources, excellent presentation of the paper, with critical skills and cross-connections among different fields and theories.

The final exam will consist of a. 3 subjects to be discussed in a written form (5 points each) and of 10 multiple-choice questions (0.5 points each). 10 points will be given to b. a paper of about 20.000 spaces on a subject discussed during the course. Part a of the final test will assess (66,66% of the final grade) the knowledge and understanding of the topic and the skills to make reasonable use of the epistemic outcome. Part b. (33,33%) will assess the communication skills of the students and his/her ability to focus.

Oral assessment.The exam will consist in ascertaining the knowledge and understanding of the topics/texts of the programme. The oral test consists of a series of questions (on the topics proposed during the course for attending students, on the indicated bibliography for non-attending students). The exam will focus on the themes of identity, identity development and re-elaboration of the self; culture and multiculturalism; migration (causes and psychological consequences); inclusion. The exam is successful with a score of, at least, 18/30. Honors are earned on the basis of the degree and depth of knowledge, the assessment of coherent connections among topics, the accuracy of both reflection and scientific language.

The final exam includes an oral exam of about 20 minutes, with which to verify the knowledge inserted between the objectives and the expected learning outcomes. The interview is structured in 3 sections: 1) at least one question on the introductory part of the course; 2) at least one question on every text of the course program; 3) at least one question on the parts related by the students, except the one presented by the student examined. The exam will have a positive result if the sum of 18/30 is reached or exceeded. The formulation of the overall grade will be based on the following elements: answers to questions from Section 1: 20% of the evaluation; answers to questions in Section 2: 50% of the evaluation; answers to questions in Section 3: 20% of the evaluation. Exposure attentive to the precision of the terminology and to the argumentative correctness: 10%. The honors will be awarded based on the assessment of accuracy, depth and ability to process the response.

The final exam consists, for the first module, of an oral exam, structured as follows: 1) verification of the knowledge acquired during the course (standard question: “What are the main themes of clandestine philosophical literature”); 2) verification of the ability to reconstruct, on the basis of acquired knowledge, the philosophical arguments discussed in the module (standard question: "What is the main theory of the relationship between politics and religion in clandestine authors"?) 3) verification of the ability to communicate effectively the notions and arguments.The test consists of at least 3 questions. The mark is expressed out of thirty and the evaluation takes place according to the following parameters: 1) Knowledge and understanding of the main topics of the module: 18 points out of 30 (sufficiency); 2) ability to analyze the theories and arguments studied: 6 points out of 30; 3) ability to clearly and precisely present the knowledge acquired during the module: 6 points out of 30.on topics in the module.As to the second module: No differences in the assessment methods is foreseen for those who attend classes and those who does not. The exam will consist of: a. a written paper of ca. 20.000 characters to be submitted one week before the day of the written exam. The students are expected to submit a paper containing a critical account of the monograph chosen for the presentation. The paper will be graded with a mark from 18 to 30. Students who will not attend classes will choose freely a group of the texts in the syllabus. A vademecum containing guidelines on how to write the paper will be uploaded by lecturer on the platform DIR. b. an oral exam, consisting of app. 3 questions, addressing the content of the paper sent beforehand and that of the first book (text 1) of the group chosen. The oral exam will be graded with a mark from 18 to 30. The overall mark will result from the average of the two grades achieved in the parts a. and b.   Example: a student who has chosen the group A will write a paper on Bloxham's book "Il grande gioco" and answer three questions on Zürcher´s history of the Ottoman Empire (Porta d'oriente).   Here is a synthetic description of the results requested by the lecturer to achieve different grade ranges: - an imprecise knowledge of concepts and events, expressed in an incorrect language and with the production of texts (both the paper and the written test) structured as a series of notion with no solid conceptual links between them will be evaluated as sufficient. Corresponding grade range: 18-22. - a deeper but not particularly detailed knowledge of concepts and events, expressed in correct language, sufficient to aptly describe a topic, and with the production of clear and structured texts, but still devoid of an overall homogeneous structure, will be considered as moderately good. Corresponding grade range: 22-26. - A solid knowledge that displays a clear grasp of the connections between different phenomena and the capacity to autonomously handle the conceptual tolls acquired with the study, applying them to different events, with a production of texts that manifest a capacity to put the notions acquired into a logically structured discourse will be considered satisfying. It will be considered fully satisfying if the student will show a capacity to deal with the chosen texts in a critical way, pinpointing the author’s opinions and treating then as informed points of view with which to critically engage. Corresponding grade range: 27-30 cum laude.

No differences in the assessment methods is foreseen for those who attend classes and those who does not. The exam will consist of: a. a written paper of ca. 20.000 characters to be submitted one week before the day of the written exam. The students are expected to submit a paper containing a critical account of the monograph chosen for the presentation. The paper will be graded with a mark from 18 to 30. Students who will not attend classes will choose freely a group of the texts in the syllabus. A vademecum containing guidelines on how to write the paper will be uploaded by lecturer on the platform DIR. b. an oral exam, consisting of app. 3 questions, addressing the content of the paper sent beforehand and that of the first book (text 1) of the group chosen. The oral exam will be graded with a mark from 18 to 30. The overall mark will result from the average of the two grades achieved in the parts a. and b. Example: a student who has chosen the group A will write a paper on Bloxham's book "Il grande gioco" and answer three questions on Zürcher´s history of the Ottoman Empire (Porta d'oriente). Here is a synthetic description of the results requested by the lecturer to achieve different grade ranges: - an imprecise knowledge of concepts and events, expressed in an incorrect language and with the production of texts (both the paper and the written test) structured as a series of notion with no solid conceptual links between them will be evaluated as sufficient. Corresponding grade range: 18-22. - a deeper but not particularly detailed knowledge of concepts and events, expressed in correct language, sufficient to aptly describe a topic, and with the production of clear and structured texts, but still devoid of an overall homogeneous structure, will be considered as moderately good. Corresponding grade range: 22-26. - A solid knowledge that displays a clear grasp of the connections between different phenomena and the capacity to autonomously handle the conceptual tolls acquired with the study, applying them to different events, with a production of texts that manifest a capacity to put the notions acquired into a logically structured discourse will be considered satisfying. It will be considered fully satisfying if the student will show a capacity to deal with the chosen texts in a critical way, pinpointing the author’s opinions and treating then as informed points of view with which to critically engage. Corresponding grade range: 27-30 cum laude.

The final examination is based on a double assessment, as a consequence of the partial examinations of the two modules that compose it. The examination of "Society and Migration Flows" consists of an oral examination. Students must demonstrate that they understand the main concepts of the examination texts and are aware of the sources and methodologies employed by the authors. Above all, in order to obtain a medium-high grade, students must be aware of the argumentative context of the reasoning contained in the texts and be able to critically examine both the data and the reasoning of the texts. The ability to apply concepts to contexts of their own personal knowledge will also be appreciated. The teacher may ask the student to interpret simple empirical material (e.g. a simple table of statistical data, a short extract from a qualitative interview). The "Narrative of Migration" test will be written and will last two hours. It will consist of 6 questions and you will have to answer a minimum of four and a maximum of five questions. The questions are based on the examination book. Attending students can expand on the answers by referring to material analysed in class or discussions held in class, but the basis for the answers is the study of the book "Media, Politics and Migration in Europe", which is made easier by attending the course. The students will have to show their ability to understand the specific meaning of the questions asked, an adequate capacity for reasoning and analysis, a good use of concepts and an ability to judge the issues dealt with. In particular, in order to achieve a high grade, in addition to presenting the arguments in a comprehensible manner and in a manner consistent with what has been studied and learnt, students will have to demonstrate that they have grasped the critical nodes of the relationship between migration narratives and migration policies in the various areas of analysis (integration, creation of differentiated pathways for different types of migrants, security issues). They should also be able to effectively account for the triangulation between politics, media and public opinion on contemporary migration issues. Finally, they should show an understanding of the main mechanisms of reproduction of humanitarian/victimising, security/decency and racist/culturalist discourses. Answers based solely on lecture notes, where it is clear that there has been no in-depth study of the examination book will not be awarded a pass. Answers showing study but a lack of general understanding of the mechanisms and issues involved in migration narratives and which do not clearly highlight the relationships between narratives and spaces of political action will be assessed as sufficient but will not achieve a high mark.

Oral examination. Written paper on a chosen topic agreed with the teacher. The examination will focus on the textbooks and on the discussion of the written paper. The paper must be a text between 7 and 10 pages long, with an index agreed with the teacher, which involves the reading and original reinterpretation of texts (it is possible to agree with the teacher the replacement and / or integration of the texts with other in-depth material). The paper must be delivered by the end of the didactic semester. The final grade will be determined by the knowledge of the exam textbooks and the ability to anchor them to real or potential experiences, as well as the quality of the paper and its presentation. Composition of the evaluation: Sufficient evaluation: basic knowledge of the texts, mostly desk written work based on the reading of a single text, sufficient presentation of the paper Intermediate evaluation: thorough knowledge of the texts and written argumentative work, based on the reading of several texts, good presentation of the paper. Honors/Excellence: In-depth knowledge of the texts, argumentative and original written work based on various scientific sources, excellent presentation of the paper, with critical skills and cross-connections among different fields and theories.

The examination is a written test lasting two hours. It consists of six questions and a minimum of four and a maximum of five questions must be answered. There is no difference between attending and non-attending students. The questions are based on the examination book. Attending students can expand on the answers by referring to material analysed in class or to discussions held in class, but the basis for the answers is the study of the book, which is made easier by attending the course. Students are expected to show their ability to understand the specific meaning of the questions asked, an adequate capacity for reasoning and analysis, a good use of concepts and an ability to judge the issues addressed. In particular, in order to achieve a high grade, in addition to presenting the arguments in a comprehensible manner and in a manner consistent with what has been studied and learnt, students will have to demonstrate that they have grasped the critical nodes of the relationship between migration narratives and migration policies in the various areas of analysis (integration, creation of differentiated pathways for different types of migrants, security issues). They should also demonstrate an understanding of and be able to effectively account for the triangulation between politics, media and public opinion on contemporary migration issues. Finally, they will have to show an understanding of the main mechanisms of reproduction of humanitarian/victimising, security/decency and racist/culturalist discourses. Answers based solely on lecture notes, where it is clear that there has been no in-depth study of the examination book, will not achieve a pass. Answers showing study but a lack of general understanding of the mechanisms and issues involved in migration narratives and which do not clearly highlight the relationships between narratives and spaces of political action will be assessed as sufficient but will not achieve a high mark.

The verification of the learning in part will take place in the classroom during the entire duration of the course through the assessment of the degree of active participation of the students in the discussion on the topics introduced and developed in the "front" part of the course. A second test will be carried out at the end of the course through an oral interview that will have to verify three skills: i) knowledge of the problems, of the sources of law, of the jurisprudence and of the legal institutions examined during the course; ii) properties of language and legal reasoning; iii) ability to analyze a sentence; iv) ability to apply standards and institutions in practice by solving a practical case.

The evaluation of the comprehensive course will include the consideration of the outcome of the two modules (each counting 40%) and a final colloquium (20%) aimed to test: 1. The understanding of the link between models of citizenship and models of integration; 2) the capability to apply such knowledge in dealing with actual or hypothetical cases; 3) the communicative abilities of the student. At the end of the course the student should have reached as a minimum threshold: 1. The knowledge of the different models of citizenship and the capability to connect them with the corresponding model of integration. 2. The capability to classify the case-studies undert the different models 3. Ability of a clear and correct exposition The student reaches an advanced competence if: she gets a critical and comparative understanding of the different models 2. She is able to analyze the case studies with an autonomous and critical view. 3. She shows a perfect master of language and technical terms.

Written paper 4000 words (70%) and active participation (30%). At the end of the course the student should have reached as a minimum threshold: 1. The knowledge of the different models of citizenship and the capability to connect them with the corresponding model of integration. 2. The capability to classify the case-studies undert the different models 3. Ability of a clear and correct exposition The student reaches an advanced competence if: she gets a critical and comparative understanding of the different models 2. She is able to analyze the case studies with an autonomous and critical view. 3. She shows a perfect master of language and technical terms.

Written paper 4000 words (70%) and active participation (30%). At the end of the course the student should have reached as a minimum threshold: 1. The knowledge of the different models of integration and the capability to compare them. 2. The capability to classify the case-studies under the different models 3. Ability of a clear and correct exposition The student reaches an advanced competence if: she gets a critical and comparative understanding of the different models 2. She is able to analyze the case studies with an autonomous and critical view. 3. She shows a perfect master of language and technical terms.

Oral Exam.

Written test lasting two hours which includes questions on the grammatical topics covered in class, vocalization exercises, transliteration and translation.

-Listening and conversation practice; - Written and oral tests; - Exam simulation.

Intermediate and final evaluations.